Effects of Reformation

The Renaissance

Period: Jan 1, 1300 to Jan 1, 1500

Religious and Political: The term Renaissance means "Rebirth", and indeed it was a time of rebirth for Europe. There was more focus on the human and such. In northern italy there was more of a focus on the church and praising God for letting them live through the Plague. A lot of people went this way. It was also political because there was a rise in important and powerful people, which gave rise to mofre powerful and intelligent leaders, or just more leaders in general.

The Bubonic Plague (Social)

Period: Oct 16, 1347 to Oct 16, 1351

This changed the social aspects of the time period because this plague wiped out most of Europe's population. Those who survived were either thankful to God for surviving, or focused on themselves for getting through it. A lot of the religious disputes stemmed from this time period because those who chose to follow the church remained catholic, while those who focused on themselves were the humanistic ones, and the more free thinkers of the two groups.

Petrarch (Social)

Oct 18, 1350

He was considered the father of humanism, along with Giovanni Boccaccio. Humanism was basically the movement away from religion and the focus on the human. The Reformation came about as the result of humanism, because people no longer agreed with everything that that Catholic church said, because they were allowed to think for themselves and come to such conclusions.

The Avignon Papacy (Religious, Social)

Oct 19, 1376

During the time period, there were two popes, and even a third for a short amount of time. And in this time the general population began to doubt the validity of the Catholic Church. It also caused unrest because peopel had no idea who to follow, of the three popes. Eventually the three popes were "fired" and one singular pope was put back into place. Also, these different popes had very different religious views, in the whole.

The Rise of the Habsburgs (Political)

Period: Oct 18, 1440 to Oct 18, 1518

Over time, the collection of land in the Holy Roman Empire was increasing. The various Habsburg leaders of the HRE accumulated land, and in 1519, Charles V inherited all of this land. As a result of this accumulation of land, the neighboring countries began to grow afraid of the power of Charles V. The French, in turn, want to undermine the Habsburgs, and the German princes wanted to rule over their land for themselves.

The Printing Press (Technological, Religious, Political, and intellectual)

Oct 15, 1450

It was a technological victory because books could now be printed faster. It was religious because the bible could be printed more, and given to the general public, so that they could read and understand for themselves. It was political because things such as Machiavelli's "The Prince" could be printed in large quantites, and sent out. It was also intellectual because now the general public could read more than ever, and were getting smart.

The Birth of Erasmus (Religious)

Oct 19, 1467

He was the son of a clergyman, and disagreed completely with many of the practices of the Catholic Church. Mainly, he thought that man should strive for no material gain, and he was disgusted by how much gold and fancy clothing that the pope and the cardinals would wear. Of course, they wore these things to assert dominance, but Erasmus was very against it all. He was a cause because he began to get people to question things about Catholicism. And people generally agreed with what he said.

Columbus Found the New World (Exploration)

Oct 16, 1492

Political, Religious, Economical: It was political because the Monarchs wanted to gain power, so they sent out explorers and set up colonies in New Lands. It was religious because after the explorers found the New world and had colonized, the missionaries came in to try and convert the natvies to Christianity. It was economical because the countries that chose to explore made a great economical gain through minerals and such.

Girolamo Savonarola Executed (Religious)

Oct 16, 1498

He was executed by the Catholic church after he made a buch of comments about the church. he condemned a bunch of the practices of the church, and the church obvioulsy didn't like it, so he was put to death.

Saint Peter's Basillica (Religious, Economical)

Oct 18, 1506

The Catholic church wanted to raise money for their grand church that they wanted to buid to show the church's power, so they sold indulgences. The pope's main seller, Tetzel, was very influential in this, and he raised a lot of money for the Catholic Church. As a result of the selling of indulgences, Martin Luther posted his 95 thesis, which was mainly based around his main gripe with the chruch was the selling of indulgences.

Machiavelli's "The Prince" (Political, Intellectual)

Oct 19, 1513

Published in 1532, The Prince was a writing the basically outliuned the proper behavior of a leader. Many leaders modeled their behavior after this book, and could be considered a mina cause of the reformation. Leaders were becoming smarter in how the did things, and they were becoming more feared among the general people. For example, Charles V was largely feared because of the vast amounts of land that he had, and the way that he carried out his business within his kingdom.

95 Theses

Jan 1, 1517

Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the church, which was a list of all of his greivances against the catholic church

The Reformation

Period: Jan 1, 1517 to Jan 1, 1549

Religious: It was a time of religious renewal. many new religions were created in this time period, like Lutheranism, Calvinsim, Anglicanism, and Anabaptism. Many of these religions are still around today.

The selling of indulgences (Religious, Social, Political, Economical)

Oct 19, 1517

It was religious because the Catholic Church was tellign a blatant lie that you could buy yourself into heaven. It was economical because the church did this to raise funds for their grand church, Saint Peter's Basilica. It was social because the people, mainly poorer classes, felt obligated to buy indulgences because of their unsatisfactory lifestyle. And it was political, because through this the Catholic church could hypothertically control the general population.

Charles V takes control of HRE (Political, Religious)

Oct 18, 1519

Charles V inherited a lot of land from his ancestors, and he was greatly feared by the surrounding nations. His power caused the reformation to continue because the protestnats united under a common idea, and the French, who were primarily catholic, sided with the protestants because they feared the great power of the Holy Roman Empire.

Start of Calvinism (Reliogious, Political)

Oct 11, 1528

John Calvin started his own religion. He was a partner of Matrin Luther's for a while, until they found some very important differences in their beliefs. It was political because he created his own "Lifestyle", if you will. the communities based around Cavlinism were different than a Catholic town. The people were obedient, and subservient to the upper calsses. Everything was interpreted as literal, and carried out as such.

Start of Anglicanism (Political, Social, Religious)

Oct 15, 1530

King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, but the pope would not let him. So, he broke away from the Catholic Church and created his own religion, which allowed him to divorce his wife and remarry. It was socially effective becasue he wanted an heir to the throne, so he kept trying and trying and trying. It was religious for the obvious reason, that he created his own churcc and religion. It was political becasue he put himself above the pope.

The Council of Trent (Intellectual)

Oct 18, 1549

The council of Trent was an effect of the Reformation because the Catholic leaders came together, and they recognized that they had flaws within their religion that needed to be corrected. The Council of Trent continued through 1563, through 25 sessions.

The Peace of Augsburg (Political, Religious)

Oct 17, 1555

Charles V granted the princes of Germany permisssion to choose the religion of their lands for themselves. Thus, they could choose between Catholicism, or Lutheranism (Protestantism). As a result of this, the northern part of the HRE went down the path of Lutheranism, while the southern half stayed Catholic and was protected under the HRE.

The beginning of the Rule of Philip II (Political, Religious)

Oct 19, 1556

Considered the most Catholic King of Spain, he was thought of as the "Defender of Catholicism". This was an effect of the Reformation, because without the reformation, there would have been no need to "Defend Catholicism". Hence, there would have been no revolt from the Netherlands, and Spain would not have gotten into a war with their own territory.

The French Civil War (Religious, Plitical)

Period: Oct 19, 1562 to Oct 19, 1598

The French civil war consisted of two sides: the Catholic Guises, and the Protestant Huguenots. The war started over religion, and over control of the country. However, when the Huguenots won the war, the new protestant leader actually converted to Catholacism, and he said the, "Paris is worth a mass". Proving that the war was for power, and not over religious supremecy, which it started out as.

Saint Bartholomew's Day Masacre (Religious, Political)

Aug 24, 1572

Henri of Navarre was to be married to Margaret. On the day of the wedding, the Catholics slaughtered 20,000 Huguenots, but Henri was able to escape with his life. This is a religious cause because the Ctholics tageted the Protestants, but it was political because Henri did not get married to Margaret, so he did not inherit the throne right away. However, Henri would go on to capture the throne anyways because of the conclusion of the French Civil War.

The Thirty Years War

Period: Oct 15, 1618 to Oct 15, 1648

Religious: Started over a religious dispute between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, against France and Sweden.

The beginning of the Bohemian Phase (Religious)

Oct 17, 1618

When Ferdinand II took over in Bohemia, he contradicted many of the policies of the old leader. Primarily, he was not tolerant of any sect of the Reformantion (Lutheran, Calvinism, Anglicanism, etc.). As a result, the people of Bohemia revolted, and took over Bohemia again.

Edict of Restitution

Dec 15, 1629

Religious, Political: This Edict made all Catholic lost lands restored under Catholicism. This would not have happened had the Reformation never happened, because the Catholic lands would never have been converted. And all other religions besides Lutherans were deproved of their political and religious rights.