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The year Harry S Truman was elected President
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The year Forrest Smith was elected governor of Missouri
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Initial symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck, and pain in the limbs. One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs). Among those paralyzed, 5–10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized. Polio mainly affects children under 5 years of age
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raised from 40 cents an hour to 75 cents an hour
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the doctors visit was about $3
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economic event that happened the post-war recession (1948-1949) was a period of economic decline in the United States after World War II. Decreased economic growth, high unemployment rates, and a drop in consumer spending marked the recession.
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A breakthrough occurred in 1949 when poliovirus was successfully cultivated in human tissue by John Enders, Thomas Weller, and Frederick Robbins at Boston Children’s Hospital. Their pioneering work was recognized with the 1954 Nobel Prize.
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President Harry S. Truman sent U.S. ground troops into Korea on June 30, 1950. At that time, 78% of Americans said they approved of Truman's decision to send military aid, and 15% disapproved
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Rent/house payment- monthly $ 42 in 1950
Utilities- Aevrage of $3.07 -
Gasoline per gallon cost was about $0.29
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The war production effort brought immense changes to American life. As millions of men and women entered the service and production boomed, unemployment virtually disappeared. The need for labor opened up new opportunities for women and African Americans and other minorities.
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By the 1950s the machines came to symbolize the horrors of polio epidemics in the imaginations of parents all over the world. the machine was made in 1927
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OPV produces antibodies in the blood ('humoral' or serum immunity) to all three types of poliovirus, and in the event of infection, this protects the individual against polio paralysis by preventing the spread of poliovirus to the nervous system.
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Salk developed a “killed-virus” vaccine by growing samples of the virus and then deactivating them by adding formaldehyde so that they could no longer reproduce.
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the year Dwight replaced Harry S. Truman
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In June, North Korea invaded South Korea, and America joined the fight. The war claimed more than 30,000 American soldiers and millions of Korean civilians. Though centralized in Korea, the war rippled around a world still recovering from World War II
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Salk originally test his vaccine on monkeys then him and his family
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In 1952, there were 20,000 new cases of paralytic polio in the US. Forty years later, there would be none. The vaccines worked so well that memories of the brutal disease grew dimmer with each decade. Polio's demise left many questions unanswered.
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With the End of the Korean Conflict in 1953, the Nation settled into a period of deterrence against Communist aggression across the globe. Army Reserve Soldiers were mobilized for the Berlin and Cuban Missile crises of the early 1960s.
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Many people avoided crowds and public gatherings, such as fairs, sports games, and swimming pools, during this time due to concern about getting polio. Some parents wouldn't let their children play with new friends and regularly checked them for symptoms.
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More than half of these–about 10 percent of Korea's prewar population–were civilians. (This rate of civilian casualties was higher than World War II's and the Vietnam War's.) Almost 40,000 Americans died in action in Korea, and more than 100,000 were wounded
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Frederick Robbins at Boston Children’s Hospital. Their pioneering work was recognized with the 1954 Nobel Prize.
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The clinical trial was the biggest public health experiment in American history. A six-year-old Randy Kerr was injected with the Salk vaccine at the Franklin Sherman Elementary School in McLean, Virginia. By the end of June, an unprecedented 1.8 million people, including hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren, joined him in becoming “polio pioneers.”
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The war created numerous war orphans and divided families in both Koreas. In South Korea, it also created US military bases, which have been present for decades, and the mandatory conscription for male citizens
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An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and first used in 1955, and. A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and first used in 1961.
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Soon after Salk's vaccine was licensed in 1955, children's vaccination campaigns were launched. In the U.S., following a mass immunization campaign promoted by the March of Dimes, the annual number of polio cases fell from 35,000 in 1953 to 5,600 by 1957
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Jonas Salk; October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995) was an American virologist and medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. got fame for the vaccine
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the annual number of polio cases fell from 35,000 in 1953 to 5,600 by 1957