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The last Roman emperor in the West, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by the Foederati Chieftain, Odoacer
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The last Roman emperor in the West, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by the Foederati Chieftain, Odoacer
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Byzantine Emperor Justin II breaks peace with Persia and invades Nisibis
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The Visigoths, under King Liuvigold continue to expand their power in the Iberian peninsula, establishing their capital at Toledo
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According to the Annales Cambriae, the Anglo-Saxons convert to Christianity after the Second Battle of Badon. Sighere of Essex encourages his subjects to reject Christianity and return to their indigenous religion.
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Battle of Two River ,the King Ecgfith defeats the Picts
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The first Arab siege of Constantinople begins
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The Byzantines lose the baleric Islands to the Moors.
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The Ummayads conquer Lisbon. Boniface begins missions to the Germans.
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al-Mansur, the second Abbasid caliph, starts to rule.
Pope Stephen II crowns Pepin the short King of the Franks at Saint-Denis outside Paris; also dedicates the foundations of the new abbey church. -
Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized.
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Gerberga, the widow of Carloman, flees to Desiderius, the king of the Lombards.
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Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of the Lombards, and takes title King of the Lombards.
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Leif Ericson lands in North America, setting foot on Helluland, Markland and Vinland.
Stephen I becomes King of Hungary, which is established as a Christian kingdom. -
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is destroyed by Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.
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Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, having invaded England, is proclaimed King all of England in London, forcing Æthelred the Unready to flee to Normandy.
The Jews are expelled from the caliphate of Córdoba. -
Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine Empire loses to a Turkish army led by Alp Arslan. Byzantine civil war resulted in Turkish conquest of Anatolia.
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Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him remove sentence of excommunication. Walk to Canossa: The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.
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Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned Emperor by Antipope Clement III. Rome is besieged by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, and is then sacked by the Normans of Robert Guiscard, who intended to restore papal authority over the city. Pope Gregory VII, who had been imprisoned by Henry IV at the Castel Sant'Angelo, Rome, is freed by Robert Guiscard. Antioch is captured by the Seljuk Turks from the Byzantines.
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Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs besiege Constantinople, but are defeated so decisively by Emperor Alexius I that they fade into oblivion.
With the taking of Noto, the Normans complete the 30 year long conquest of Sicily from the Islamic rulers.
Roger Guiscard takes Malta.
The Islamic Abbadid dynasty ruling in Spain falls when the Almoravids storm Seville. -
El Cid completes his conquest of Valencia, Spain, and begins his rule of Valencia. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails.
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The People's Crusade, the German Crusade, and the First Crusade begins.
Kilij Arslan I of the Turks defeats a band of Crusaders near İznik.
A large band of Crusaders approaches Speyer and massacres the Jewish population. -
Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade:
January 13 – Crusaders set fire to Mara, Syria.
June 7 – The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins.
July 8 – 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march around Jerusalem. -
Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from the Kingdom of León declared after the Almoravids are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques. He then becomes Afonso I, King of Portugal. Second Council of the Lateran: The Anacletus schism is settled, and priestly celibacy is made mandatory in the Catholic Church.
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Pope Eugene III issues the bull Quantum praedecessores, calling for the Second Crusade.
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The Almohad Caliph Abd al-Mu'min destroys the Almoravid Empire after capturing Marrakech and killing the last emir.
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Siege of Damascus by the Second Crusade:
June – The Second Crusade reaches Jerusalem. They meet at the Council of Acre and decide to attack Damascus.
July – The Siege of Damascus ends in failure.
Anna Comnena writes the Alexiad, which is a biography of her father, Emperor Alexius I. -
The earliest textual reference is made to Gypsies working as musicians in Constantinople.
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The Treaty of Walingford, under the direction of Theobald of Bec, reconciles Stephen of England and Matilda, ending "The Anarchy" which had occurred during their fight for the throne of England. The treaty grants the throne to Stephen for the duration of his life, but makes Matilda's son, Henry of Anjou, the heir apparent.
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Frederick I Barbarossa is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
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Hisano-Visighothic king Egica accuses the Jews of aiding the Muslims, and sentences all Jews to salavery
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Umayyad troops invade Armeiaand secure submission of Smbat VI Bagratuni.
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Clovis becomes the ruler of the Salian Franks at the age of 13 after the death of his father
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The Romano-British began to fight off the invasions of the Germanic Saxons.
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With the support of the Byzantine Empire, the Ostrogoths led by Theodoric the Great invade Italy and defeat Odoacer.
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Cerdic & Cynric land somewhere on the south coast of Great Britain.
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Clovis is baptized into the Catholic faith
Within a few years all of the Franks have converted to Catholicism -
The Lombards, Avars, Slavs and Visigoths all win military victories over the Byzantine Empire and gain territory at their expense.
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Reccared, King of the Visigoths, renounces Arianism and adopts Catholicism
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The plague reaches rome, killing Pope Pelagius II
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The city of Edessa is taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Sassanids (Persians).
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The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the first appearance of Vikings in England.
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In the earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland, they attack Iona, Inisbofin and Inismurray.
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December 25 - Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.
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First siege of Constantinople by the Rus.
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Nine battles are fought between the Danes and Wessex.
Alfred the Great succeeds as king of Wessex after Ethelred's death. After the battle at Wilton, peace is made, with the Danes and Alfred each governing part of England.
Rhodri Mawr ('the Great') of Gwynedd inherits Seisyllwig, thus uniting most of Wales under his rule.
Louis II captures Bari, the headquarters of the Saracens. -
Oleg of Novgorod takes Kiev and makes it his capital.
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Alfred the Great captures London and renames it Lundenburgh.
Charles the fat of France purchases peace with Vikings. Rollo of Normandy then lifts his siege of Paris. -
Oleg leads the Kievan Rus' in a campaign against Constantinople.
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A devastating decade-long famine begins in France.
Byzantine Emperor John I successfully defends the Eastern Roman Empire from a massive barbarian invasion.
Eric the Victorious becomes the first king of Sweden. -
Explorer Bjarni Herjólfsson becomes the first inhabitant of the Old World to sight North America.
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Upon the death of Eric the Victorious, he is succeeded by his son Olof Skötkonung as the first baptized king of Sweden.
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Nicephorus II begins a campaign to recapture Cilicia.
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Edict of Pistres: Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
Louis II marches against Rome but, getting ill, decides to make peace with the Pope.
Alfonso III of Leon conquers Porto from the diminished Umayyads. This is the final act of the direct Muslim domination of the Douro region.
The Christianization of Bulgaria begins: Khan Boris I of Bulgaria is baptized an Orthodox Christian. -
Iberian peninsula: Battle of Abelda: the Asturians defeat the Muslims. The same year, Viking raiders attack the region and burn the mosques of Sevilla and Algesiras, they also sack the western coasts of Spain and the Balearic Islands.
The University of Al Karaouine is founded in Fes, Morocco (recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest university in the world). -
Pope Gregory I sends Augustine of Canterbury to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
Pope Gregory I sends Augustine of Canterbury to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity