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Pope Urban II assembled at Clermont in France and gave a speech to encourage Christians to go east and reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims. "God wills it!"
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Muslims and Jewish people were massacred in the holy city of Jerusalem. It was a religious war. They used siege towers to enter into the city.
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There were not as many knights in this crusade because they had died in the first crusade. This crusade was called by the Pope and he received assistance from England, France, and Germany.
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Saladin, a Muslim warrior captured Jerusalem in the battle of Hattin. He freed Jerusalem from Christian crusaders. Saladin victory destroyed the Christian army.
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This crusade was lead by three European monarchs: Frederick I Barbarossa, King of Germany, Philip II of France, and Richard the Lionhearted of England. They failed to attack the Holy City but captured Acre and the battle of Arsuf.
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This crusade was ordered by Pope Innocent III. It was an attempt to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. They instead sacked Constantinople. This was not what the army set out to do, but because they could not pay for the ships. They agreed to help the Venetians fight.
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Pope Innocent III wanted to weaken the Muslims by attaching cities in North Africa and Egypt. There were many leaders in this crusade. The campaign was not successful. They were defeated on the banks of the Nile in Egypt and went home.
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Roman Emperor Frederick II went to recapture the holy land. Frederick negotiated with Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt to obtain Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth.
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King Louis IX of France launched this crusade to again reclaim Jerusalem again. He also wanted to conquer Egypt. Both areas were controlled by the Muslim Ayyubid Dynasty.
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This was lead by King Louis IX same as the eighth crusade. This crusade ended before it began because King Louis IX died from and illness in August 1270.
