Crusades

First Crusades (1096-1099)

Feb 13, 1096

The First Crusades started in the year 1095 when Pope Claremont preached at the council of Claremont. They were led by Raymond IV of Toulouse and announced by many wandering preachers notably Peter the Hermit. reason to why the crusades began was because there was a war between the Christians and the Moslems which centred around the city of Jerusalem.

The Second Crusade (1144- 1155)

Feb 13, 1144

Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. The Second crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III and were the first to be led by European kings names Conrad III of Germany and by King Louis VII of France . The Cause of this was because of the Muslim capture of Edessa in 1144.

Third Crusade (1187- 1192)

Feb 13, 1187

They were led by Richard the Lionheart of England who raised money for the Third Crusade and stayed long, Philip of France who retuned home after a short time and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I who drowned later on. The 3rd crusade was caused by the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187.

Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)

Feb 13, 1202

Fourth Crusade led by Fulk of Neuil French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople.The leaders of the crusade decided to make Egypt their objective point, since this country was then the center of the Moslem power.After the Fourth Crusade declined in strength and could no longer cope with the barbarians menacing it. Two centuries later the city fell an easy victim to the Turks.

Fifth Crusade (1217 – 1221)

Feb 13, 1217

Led by King Andrew II of Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria and John of Brienne but only Leopold VI and Andrew II Participated. In 1221 the Crusaders marched towards Cairo to try and take over more of Egypt, but the Ayyubids just used the Nile River to flood all the roads, trapping the Crusaders. The Crusaders had to make peace in order to get out. They gave Damietta back to the Ayyubids and went home

Sixth Crusade (1228-1229)

Feb 13, 1228

This Crusade was to attempt to get back Jerusalem .They were led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen who promised to participate with the fifth Crusade but failed to do so. They were able to achieve some small measure of success. Frederick II resulted in the Kingdom of Jerusalem which regained control of Jerusalem and other areas for fifteen years

Seventh Crusade (1248 - 1254)

Feb 13, 1248

King Louis IX of France was the leader of the 7th crusades who later became known as Saint Louis because of his dedication to God. When the Mamluks took Jerusalem in 1244AD, Louis announced his Crusades. Louis attacked with his troop from Cyprus and took the port of Damietta in Egypt. Using Damietta as a base they then attacked Cairo but the Mamluks than arrived , he and his army were routed and he had to return Damietta as well as pay a massive ransom just to get free.

Eighth Crusades (1270)

Feb 13, 1270

Louis IX of France wanted to try another crusade when he led the seventh crusade it ended in failure in 1254AD, so in 1270 he tried again but he started by going to the capital of Tunisia which is Tunis to get a base in North Africa. Unfortunately when dysentery struck his camp, Louis himself died of it. This was the end of the Eighth Crusades.

Ninth Crusade (1271 - 1272)

Feb 13, 1271

The Ninth Crusade which were the last were Led by King Edward I of England in 1271 who tried to join Louis in Tunis but failed. Edward arrived after when Louis had died and moved against the Mamluk sultan Baibers. He didn't achieve much and returned home to England after he heard that his father Henry III had died.