History project

Creation of man

5000 BCE

The creation of man was the first major event in the history of civilization . After God had created everything we see now.(igntia.com Editors) He then made man.(igntia.com Editors)

Egypt

3125 BCE

Through Mizraim, the Egyptians were descended from Ham. These people were divided into clans. Menes brought Egypt's many factions together in approximately 3100 BC (igntia.com/Editors). (Editors/ igntia.com) During the Old Kingdom, six dynasties ruled. (Editors of igntia.com) The Egyptians were responsible for the division and classification of ancient Egypt into thirty dynasties.

The Old Kingdom (Egypt)

3100 BCE

The original Egyptians were descendants of Ham through Mizraim. These people were a group scattered clans.(igntia.com Editors) around 3100 BC Egypt's diverse groups were united by Menes.(igntia.com Editors) Six dynasties reigned during the Old Kingdom.(igntia.com Editors) The division and labeling of ancient Egypt into thirty dynasties in all was the work of the Egyptian.(igntia.com Editors)

first cities rose

3000 BCE

Around 3000 BC cities first arose in Sumer.(igntia.com Editors) The cities were built by Nimrod who they called the mighty hunter.(igntia.com Editors) The fiest cities were called Babel, Erech, Accad.(igntia.com Editors)

The eastern world of India

Period: 2200 BCE to 1300 BCE

Some historians believe that India's first civilization was at least 2,500 years old.(igntia.com Editors) but most historians now believe that the Indus civilization lasted all the way from 1300 to 2200 B.C.(igntia.com Editors)

Old Babylonian Empire

2113 BCE

Babylon was a city built pretty much on the Euphrates River which had a rich history.(igntia.com Editors) Nimrod built the first city on the site and called it Babel. people have said that the first Babel was destroyed by Sargon I who built his own capital city of Agade in its place. the city was controlled by the Third Dynasty of Ur.

Babylonians

2100 BCE

Babylon was a historical city constructed almost entirely on the Euphrates River. Nimrod established the first city on the location, which he named Babel. (igntia.com Editors) According to legend, Sargon I demolished the original Babel and replaced it with his own capital city of Agade. Ur's Third Dynasty was in charge of the city.2

Middle kingdom (Egypt)

2060 BCE

Perhaps there was some overlap between the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. After the death of Pepi II, which reigned in Memphis for ninety four years. the pharaohs began to lose control over the nobles. Independent princes ruled their own nomes as they chose. Menuhotep I founder of the Eleventh Dynasty, seems to have reunited the country and established his capital at Thebes. When the Eleventh Dynasty collapsed, the throne was taken over by Amenemhat I, founder of the Twelfth Dynasty.

Aegean civilization.

1900 BCE

The Mycenaeans were Indo-European people who first arrived around the time of 1900 BC. They would then rise to power in 1400 to 1100 BC. Like other cultures in the area, they had created an urbanized lifestyle rooted in commerce and navigation. (ignitia.com Editors)

The Second Intermediate Period (Egypt)

1803 BCE

The Thirteenth Dynasty was very weak and unstable. The reigns of the Pharaohs were not long lived. Out of this instability came the rule of the Hyksos. which means "chiefs of foreign lands." They were also known as "shepherd kings." The Hyksos were Asians, most of them of Semitic stock. Many scholars believe the Hyksos were in power at the time of Joseph and Jacob. Those who believe in an early date (around 1441 B.C.) for the Hebrews' Exodus from Egypt do not accept this view.

The flood

1656 BCE

he Biblical account of the Flood is found in Genesis, chapters 6 through 10. In Genesis 6:1 through 7, God's reasons for sending a flood are given. The only one that is not controversial is in Verse 5: "...The wickedness of man was great in the earth." The fact that man was wicked is clear.

The New Kingdom, or Empire (Egypt)

1508 BCE

During this era Egypt reached the zenith of its strength and position as a world power. The first Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty Ahmose I of Thebes, forced the Hyksos out of the land. His armies penetrated as far as southwestern Palestine. A successor Thutmose I conducted military campaigns in Syria as far as the Euphrates River.One of the most colorful rulers of Egypt during this period was Hatshepsut, the widow of Thutmose II the daughter of Thutmose I,

The Dark Ages (Greece)

Period: 1100 BCE to 750 BCE

The Dark Ages of Greece was a confusing time in Greek history. Historians say that this about the Dark ages because descriptions do not match up. Some call it the Heroic or Homeric age because they believe events described by the poet, Homer, occurred during this period.

The eastern world of China

1027 BCE

there is not much known about China's history, other than the fact that it started around 1500 B.C. and was divided into multiple major dynasties. The Shang dynasty, which ruled over the north, is considered the beginning of the Shang dynasty's reign.

The Hebrews

1000 BCE

Many Hebrews did not remain devoted to God despite being descendants of Abraham, the father of the Hebrews. They were assaulted by strangers and battled amongst themselves. Their Holy City, Jerusalem, (ignitia.com/editors)was eventually destroyed by the Babylonians, and many of their people were taken as slaves to Babylon. During their seventy-year exile in Babylon, the Hebrews spent most of the following seventy years developing the structure of the Old Testament and confirming their beliefs.

Sparta (Greece)

650 BCE

Sparta was the only Greek city-state that did not become part of the Greek colonization pattern. At this time, Spartans were more interested in fighting in war than trading. The Spartan system was a totalitarian government that treated the person as a slave. The person was considered the supreme member of the community.

The Romans

625 BCE

the Etruscans' loss in the battle for control of the city-states that had sprung up around the Tiber's mouth Rome was not on the shore since there was no natural harbor along the Italian coastline.
During the early years, (ignitia.com/editor)Rome adopted the Etruscan pattern of having a monarch who received counsel from a senate made up of upper-class citizens. The Punic Wars erupted between Rome and Phoenicia over the North African city of Carthage.

The Persian Wars

550 BCE

In 550 B.C. a new leader stepped into power. His name was Cyrus (also called Cyrus the Great), became the ruler of the Medo-Persian Empire. Cyrus' son, Cambyses was the next to rule over the Medo-Persian empire. When he died, another relative, Darius I, came to the throne. In 514 B.C. Darius I attempted to cross the Bosporus As a retaliatory measure Darius sent an army by sea to conquer Athens. Met at the Bay of Marathon by an Athenian force only half their number and lost

Persian civilization

550 BCE

The history of Persia begins with the Medes. Media had been in existence since Noahic times. It was located in what is now northwestern Iran. The Medes were a Japhetic people. For a long time they were subject to Assyrian rule, but they rebelled. Under Cyaxares they joined Babylon in bringing about the defeat and fall of Nineveh in 612 B.C. Their capital was at Ecbatana. The Persians were not like the Assyrians or the Babylonians. They were tolerant of other people.

athens

508 BCE

The culture of Athens began in Ionia, Greece, on the Ionian Sea. The Phoenicians, who were the great sea people, taught the Greeks the script. The Greeks also learned the Hebrew alphabet.

The Chinese

500 BCE

China has the first civilization in the Far East. Water was given by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. (ignitia.com/editors)The Yellow River often flooded, inflicting widespread devastation. Crops could not be sown, and people began to starve. (ignitia.com/editors) As a result of this situation, Chinese people started to migrate in large numbers. China has been separated into two classes throughout its history: the exceedingly wealthy and the very poor.

The Peloponnesian War

433 BCE

The Peloponnesian War had its origin in a rivalry between Athens and Corinth. In 433 BC Corinth attacked Corcyra in an attempt to strengthen its western trade routes. Corcyra asked Athens for aid and received it. The city was filled with refugees from the countryside. Plague spread through the population. It started at the seaport of Piraeus and quickly spread to the main city. Thousands died. Fighting had continued for ten years.

The Greeks

146 BCE

Crete's culture gave birth to much of Greek civilization. Before being forced to leave their island due to a fire that destroyed all they had constructed, the Cretans had advanced to a high level of civilization. The Cretans settled at Mycenae and began trading with the city-states of the Aegean and Egypt. Early Greek city-states had to acquire most of their food from beyond their boundaries due to poor land. Persia, which was aiming to develop a Mediterranean empire.(ignitia.com/editors)

Two-hundred year Roman Peace

Period: 30 BCE to 235

Augustus's rule marks the beginning of the two-hundred-year Roman Peace, the Two-hundred year Roman Peace was a period of relative stability throughout the Mediterranean. During that period, Jesus Christ was born and grew to manhood, and Christianity was spread throughout the world. Christ came into a world that was culturally homogeneous (almost everyone spoke Greek) and politically united.

The Decline of the Roman Empire

Period: 180 to 476

Marcus Aurelius was a strong ruler who was well-liked by the Roman people. After he died, the rule of the empire was again precarious. His son, Commodus, was not a strong leader and was overthrown in A.D. 192. Theodosius I was the last emperor to rule the entire empire. After his death, the empire was divided between his sons. The Eastern Empire became dominant and wealthy. The Western Empire became increasingly defenseless against invasions by barbarians until it finally fell in 476.

The huns

370

Only one time ever did the Romans and Germanic tribes work together to defeat an invasion. (ignitia.com/editors)The Huns were a common foe, brutal and destructive. The Huns were stopped and driven back into Asia by combined armies.

The Byzantine Empire

395

From having nine of something to the eleventh day the Byzantine Empire start to start again. The reason for this improvement happens an area of rule of powerful kings famous as the Macedonian kings the one having lines for almost two pertaining to 100 age. The greatest ruler concerning this area of rule exists Basil II, the one who reigned from 976 to 1025.
Basil II evolve into famous as the "Bulgarian Slayer"

Monasteries

400

Monasteries were first established in the Middle Ages and evolved slowly, although they were perhaps the most useful organizations.(ignitia.com/editors)They cared about the people and attempted to make life simpler for them. The church preserved old literature thanks to the monks' activity in the monasteries. Franciscan and Dominican friars arrived towards the end of the Middle Ages. They didn't have a monastery since they swore to be poor.

NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

721

God used Assyria to punish Israel for its idolatry. He used Babylon to punish Assyria and then to punish Judah.Merodach-baladan instituted a rebellious rule at Babylon and made overtures to Hezekiah of JudahNebuchadnezzar was succeeded by Evil-merodach. In his first year of reign, Evil-merodach treated captive king Jehoiachin kindly, graciously freeing him from prison (II Kings 25:27-30). Merodach was assassinated by Neriglissar.

Rise of Charlemagne.

Period: 742 to 814

After the death of Clovis, the Frankish kingdom had been divided among his four sons. Constant disputes and civil wars resulted in a three-way division of the kingdom in the seventh century. This division established the kingdoms of Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy. In the period 800, an important occurrence fashionable European experiences accept the place. On Christmas Day of that period, Pope Leo III dignifies Charlemagne, the "Emperor of the Romans."

The Islamic Empire

750

The Islamic Empire carry on to evolve, but within disputes formal various question following the split of the rule fashionable the intervening-eighth of one hundred years. The peak of Islamic capacity exist attain all along the Abbasid Caliphate, a area of rule that endure from 750 to 1258. The early Abbasid person who ruled an area hold in check the Shi'ites and demolish their effective rival, the Umayyads.

the Vikings and Normans

793

Vikings from what is now Scandinavia repeatedly assaulted England.(ignitia.com/editors) Alfred, the Saxon king of Wessex, finally unified southern England against the Danes in the tenth century. The Danes came again after his death and installed a Danish king, Canute, on the throne. William of Normandy, a northern French monarchy, invaded England before the end of the eleventh century. In 1066, he ascended to the English crown and united the kingdom.

Alfred's government

Period: 871 to 899

Alfred's management, like many of the early Germanic governments, happen to establish the often very old Germanic building. Alfred bear welcome Witan, that made up of nobles, or earls, and thegns; and he in addition to bear a forceful agreement accompanying pope's jurisdiction. The allowable whole exists in addition to Germanic. The wergild, or cash advantage established ahead of each male human in accordance with rank, exist the prime arrangement of fall criminal matters.

Manorialism

900

A medieval manor had a manor house, a principal residence for the lord of the manor, peasant homes, a priest's residence, and a church. Mills, barns, and stables were common sights. Manors were well-protected from invasion and self-sufficient. The majority of medieval citizens were peasants. In the feudal system, they had no place. Their job under the manorial system was to work the land, which they could never get away from.(ignitia.com/editors)

England

Period: 927 to 1485

At the start of the fourteenth century, England was damaged by differing factions. Edward II was opposed by barons who were fearful of a strong kingship. They enforced the king to grant them control of reform in 1311. The ordinances they created reorganized the ministry, giving it better strength. In 1485 Richard III fell to the sword of Henry Tudor, and Henry claimed the right to the throne Tudor dynasty eventually brought about a period of peace lasting over one hundred years.

France

987

As the Carolingian Empire descend and the person who ruled an area tired, a split take place nearly France middle from two points two group sharing a belief or cause. One conflict backed personally Charles the Simple; the different backed personally the Count of Paris. This second strife in the course of time achieved out and a new offspring of Capetian kings having lines the an area ruled by a monarch of France.

John Gutenberg

1400

John Gutenberg, a German printer, devised a press that could print material using moveable type in the 1440s. A book that took months to write by hand could suddenly be printed in a matter of days.(ignitia.com/editors) The Bible was the first book printed on Gutenberg's press, making it widely accessible and affordable to the general public.

John Huss

1401

In Bohemia, Wycliffe's influence was reflected in the teachings of John Huss. Ordained a priest early in the fifteenth century, Huss attacked the church offices, not the sacraments. The papal schism was compounded in 1409 when a third pope denounced the other two and claimed papal authority, he was an opponent of the papacy because of this situation. After the death of Huss, his followers broke from the church and established the Unity of Brethren

The Papacy

1495

Pope Nicholas V made the Vatican library. Pope Pius II, a multitalented man, could have been an examined example of the worldwide man ideal. With the coming of the Renaissance, some of the popes virtually became worldly princes. Some increased papal authority by subjugating local rulers through such violent methods(igntia.com/editors). The Kingdom of Naples was ruled by the French until 1435 when the Spanish seized control. The French invaded Italy in 1495 and regained control.

Martin Luther 95 theses

Oct 31, 1517

back at the time, the churches would require you to pay them or god wouldn't forgive you for your sins. As a successful professor at the University of Wittenberg, Luther realized that faith in God would save man and that faith could be attained through reading the Bible not paying the church for forgiveness(ignitia.com/editors). when he posted up the 95 theses he was called by the papal council and punished for his doing of good.

Conrad Grebel

1526

Conrad Grebel. Another religious group in Zurich was known as the Swiss Brethren. These Anabaptists, as they were named, believed in baptizing grownups, cause they could not find Scriptural validation for baby baptism. the Anabaptists, led by Conrad Grebel, make their own groups occasionally they were executed for their beliefs. From this group of believers came Hutterites, the Mennonites, and obliquely, the Baptists (ignitia.com/editors).

Conrad Grebel

1526

Another religious group in Zurich was known as the Swiss Brethren. These Anabaptists, as they were called, believed in baptizing adults, because they could not find Scriptural confirmation for infant baptism. Rather than join the Protestant movements, The Anabaptists also believed in the separation of church and state. They believed in peace; the state believed in war. The state required the taking of oaths; the Anabaptists believed that Jesus forbade taking oaths of any kind.

Ulrich Zwingli.

1531

A Swiss priest, Zwingli was deeply impressed by the fact that Martin Luther's ideas so closely paralleled his own. Encouraged by Luther's example, Zwingli preached in Zurich and believed in a comprehensive reform of church practices and beliefs. Zwingli supported a type of religion without saints, fasting, and celibate priests

Zwingli

1531

A Swiss priest, Zwingli was intensely aroused by the event that Martin Luther's or so closely be alike welcome own. Encouraged by Luther's example, Zwingli moralizes in Zurich and trust in a comprehensive reform of religious belief practices and beliefs. Although Zwingli supported physically Luther's flow, Zwingli supported a type of religion without saints, fasting, and celibate priests Luther was trying to negotiate, In the resulting war, Zwingli was killed(igntia.com editors).

Henry VIII

1547

The Reformation in England was not only a religious but also a political movement. Henry VIII utilized Parliament to attack papal power in the hopes of forcing the pope to grant his requests, seeking to exploit popular opinion against the clergy to his advantage. Henry enacted legislation that allowed him complete control over the clergy. Without the king's permission, no church laws could be passed (igntia.com/editors).

The Industrial Revolution

1550

The Industrial Revolution, which began in England in the 1750s, was influenced by events that occurred far earlier in mainland Europe. Examining some of these occurrences would be beneficial here.(ignita.com/editors)

John Calvin

1555

A French Protestant who had abandoned France to avoid punishment, John Calvin, brought logic and organizing to the ideas to the people. In 1536 Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion. In it happen to describe his opinion. This work is an important example of the religious literature of the Reformation. Calvin was selected to lead the Swiss and French Protestants. Calvin believed faith to be essential. He felt that the Bible should exist as the only authority in religion

John Knox

1572

In Scotland John Knox, a Calvinist established the Presbyterian Church. Knox, a former Catholic preacher, had been influenced by George Wishart Released in 1549, Knox became a Protestant minister in England. When Mary Tudor, rebuilt Catholicism in England in 1553, Knox vanish to Geneva, Switzerland. There he was changed by Calvin and his opinion and preached to an English assembled group there. Queen Elizabeth, I rebuilt Protestantism, allowing him to return to Scotland.

Henry of Navarre.

1572

In 1589 Henry III was assassinated and left no direct heir to succeed him. Henry of Navarre, the leader of the Huguenots, declared himself king. However, French Catholics and Philip II of Spain refused to recognize him. Although Henry of Navarre was an autocrat, an absolute ruler, his reign was characterized by intelligence and benevolence toward his people.

James I

1625

When Elizabeth died she left no direct heir. The nearest relative was James I in Scotland. James' accession to the English throne united the crowns of Scotland and England, and James was the first to call himself King of Great Britain. James' problems with Parliament were complicated by two factors. First, government costs were rising and so were the incomes of parliamentary members, but Parliament insisted on the right to control levies. Second, two groups had grown in importance.

The English Civil War

1642

King Charles was faced with civil war. The first civil war began in the wake of an Irish rebellion. Parliament was unwilling to trust Charles with an army, fearing he would use it against England's own people. Charles' support came from the north and west of England, including Catholics, moderate Anglicans, the aristocracy, and conservative agricultural interests. The issues of the civil wars were political, economic, and religious.

Richelieu.

1642

When Henry IV was assassinated in 1610, his eight-year-old son became Louis XIII. Louis' mother, Marie de Medici (from the Medici family of Italy), became regent. Her policies soon brought disorder again France seemed on the verge of repeating the disasters of the sixteenth century. Disaster, however, was prevented with the rise of Cardinal Richelieu, who had been secretary of state for war and foreign policy since 1616.

Roundheads

1645

Within the Anglican Church, a movement was formed to rid it of its Roman Catholic ceremonies and traditions.(ignitia.com/editors) During Henry and Elizabeth Tudor's reign, the Puritan movement rose in strength. Puritans had a large following in Great Britain by the time of the Tudor kings, James I and Charles I.

Charles I.

1649

When James died, he was succeeded by his son, Charles I. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and also disliked the Puritans. Parliament was just as suspicious of Charles as they had been of James. Shortly after becoming king, Charles became involved in the war with France. England had sent naval expeditions to aid the French Huguenots of La Rochelle. He made enemies of the Puritans by persecuting their leaders, thereby causing many to emigrate to America during the 1630s.

The Fronde

1649

Unrest surfaced dramatically from 1647 to 1652 in the civil conflict known as the Fronde. It was caused by several bad harvests, the beginning of a seventy-year-long decline in grain prices. The parliament of Paris, a court of law, complained about the wars, taxes, and absolutism and claimed a constitutional role in the government as protector of France's fundamental laws. The parliament called on other courts for revolutionary action.

Cavaliers

1653

The Tudor monarchs ruled England in the 1500s. Although there was a Parliament at the period, its role was primarily to carry out the wishes of the Tudor monarch or queen in authority. The Renaissance era in England came to an end with the Elizabethan period. Despite the chaos of the time, Elizabeth's reign produced great music, art, literature, and what became known as Elizabethan architecture.

The monarchy returns

1660

Charles II, the oldest of Charles I's two sons, restored the Stuart line to the English throne. When it came to dealing with Parliament, Charles was well aware that he needed to be cautious. When Parliament objected to his plans, Charles tried to achieve his goals through other means. As a result, the king's and parliament's powers were divided.

ENGLAND: SPARKS OF PREPARATION

1700

Prior to the mid-1700s, Europeans lived a very modest livelihood.(ignirtia.com/editors) Although labor was difficult at times and seemed to go on forever, it was ultimately rewarding. Man's preeminence as the earthly giver and maker of life's requirements instilled in him a sense of value and significance. The Industrial Revolution resulted in a significant shift in the manufacturing of goods that people used, bought, and sold.

Savery's steam engine

1712

Savery's steam engine was improved upon by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. However, steam power did not become popular until 1769, when James Watt patented an upgraded steam engine.(ignitia.com/editors) Watt's engine was unique in that it could drive other machines. This new power source allowed spinning and weaving operations to be built far from water supplies.

Louis XV

1715

France's problems grew increasingly worse under the reign of Louis XV, an absolute monarch who reigned from 1715 to 1774 and was known for his laziness and indifference to the needs of the French people. The clergy, nobles, and the rest of the population were split into three estates: clergy, nobles, and the rest of the population (middle class and peasants). Despite doing the majority of the work and paying the majority of the taxes, the last estate received few benefits. (ignitia.com/editors)

John Kay

1733

The raw cotton that was to be woven into cloth by the spinsters and weavers who worked in the textile mills was imported by English companies.(ignita.com/editors) Because cotton cloth was in such high demand, more efficient production methods were required. In 1733, John Kay devised the flying shuttle, which greatly accelerated the weaving process.

American Revolution British Background Establishment of colonies.

1750

From the creation of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 until the border of Spanish Florida, England founded colonies along the Atlantic coast. By 1750, thirteen colonies had been formed. Many of these colonies were founded by private English citizens who formed businesses in order to profit financially from the expansion of New World possessions.

James Hargreaves

1764

Following John Kay's discovery, there was a demand for more efficient spinning wheels to produce the weaving thread. In 1764, James Hargreaves designed the spinning jenny to suit this demand.(igitia.com/editors) This innovative machine was capable of spinning eight times the amount of thread as earlier spinning wheels.

American Revolution British Background Training of War

1774

Apart from the colonies' issues with the mother nation, France constituted a significant threat to the fledgling colonies. The French were an overwhelming shadow hovering over the English immigrants, with easy access to the center of North America via the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. The French and Indian War began in the colonies in 1754, as part of a greater French-British war for empires. The triumph provoked a schism between England and her colonies in the United States.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AMERICAN FRONTIER Establishing a nation.

1775

The First Continental Congress attempted to reassert their status as loyal Englishmen by petitioning King George III for the redress of complaints. Conditions, on the other hand, did not improve. Many colonial leaders, like Patrick Henry of Virginia, began to speak of a revolt, asking, "Is life so dear, or tranquillity so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" (ignitia.com/editors)

British Control

1775

The English felt it was time to take control of their colonies' lives after putting down an Indian revolt led by the Ottawa leader, Pontiac, in 1763. (ignitia.com/editors) The British disliked the colonies' lack of support in their war against France. Due to the massive debt incurred as a result of the war, Great Britain was forced to impose a high tax on its own citizens.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AMERICAN FRONTIER

1783

The 13 colonies eventually reached a point where they couldn't go any further. Attempts to stay loyal to England were futile, and war seemed to be the only option. (ignitia.com/editors) Following the battles of Lexington and Concord, the Second Continental Congress gathered and named George Washington as commander of the colonial army. In 1776, Congress wrote a statement announcing the colonies' independence from England. When the independence war was over.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION: AMERICAN FRONTIER Building the foundation

1788

The colonies had very little authority during the Revolutionary War. Six months before Cornwallis' surrender at Yorktown, the Second Continental Congress did not establish any centralized control. (ignitia.com editors) All of the states had ratified a constitution at the time, which they anticipated would serve as the foundation for a strong central government. Our original constitution, known as the Articles of Confederation, established a Congress with one chamber and a vote for each state.

George Stephenson

1814

When George Stephenson, an English engineer, created a steam locomotive in 1814, land mobility took a giant leap ahead. The locomotive, which ran on rails, was fuelled by coal, which helped produce steam.(ignitia.com/editors) Stephenson refined the engine, and by 1830, his steam locomotive, the Rocket, was pulling railroad trains at a staggering 29 miles per hour from Liverpool to Manchester, England! As a result of George Stephenson's locomotive.

The erie canal

1825

The Erie Canal, which connects Lake Erie and the Hudson River in New York, was finished in 1825. The Erie Canal was built to provide a direct link between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. Grain shipping from Buffalo to New York City was reduced from $100 to $5 per ton. Many people in the Midwest took advantage of this low-cost method of getting their goods to eastern markets.(igntia.com/editors)

threshing machine

1836

The invention of the threshing machine in 1836, which separated the grain from the chaff, also saved the farmer a lot of time. (ignitia.com/editors)Agriculture was changed by the shift from human labor to automation.

Profits of mass production

Period: 1860 to 1894

Between 1860 and 1894, this country rose from fourth to first place among the world's industrialized nations. Railroads, factories, and lumber mills all had a role in this progress. Agriculture, which had previously been unchallenged as the most important enterprise in the United States, was quickly being supplanted by industry's gears.(ignitia.com/editors)

world war I nationalism

1913

With the rise of nationalism in Europe, an earlier concept of self-sufficiency was revived. (ignitia.com/editors) Nations sought to meet material needs and eliminate their reliance on rival nations for goods through territorial expansion and colonization. European nations began to look beyond their borders for raw material-rich lands for the industry. Political or military pressures either absorbed these lands as colonies or forced them to trade.

world war I Mounting tensions

1914

There was a rising spirit of nationalism in the late nineteenth century, a sense of unity and loyalty of a people to their country. Although national pride can be beneficial, when taken to extremes, it leaves no room for compromise. Nations' jealousies and suspicions remain unresolved. (ignitia.com/editors)

Russia in world war I

1914

Despite Russia's desire to avoid war, the government saw Germany's attempt to destroy Serbia as a step toward German dominance of Europe. (ignitia.com/editors) In order to prevent Germany from gaining complete control of Europe, Russia entered World War I in August 1914. Russia had some early successes, which boosted morale among troops and citizens. However, by the spring of 1915, Russia had suffered even greater losses than during the Russo-Japanese War.

World War I aggression

1914

Serbian anti-Austrian sentiment resulted in the formation of numerous secret anti-Austrian societies in Serbia. (ignitia.com/editors) On June 28, 1914, a member of a Serbian secret party assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, and his wife. On their way to attack France, Germany marched through Belgium. Belgium, despite being officially neutral, resisted the Germans and then retreated in an orderly retreat, where they were met by French forces.

world war I making alliances

1915

The German Empire was formed when separate German states merged to form the German Empire. With the exception of its long-time rival, France, Germany maintained peace with its neighbors while increasing its military strength. Germany sought to strengthen its position against France under the leadership of Otto Von Bismarck, known as the Iron Chancellor. Bismarck then focused his attention on securing friendly political relations with Russia and England (ignitia.com/editors)

world war I fighting back

1917

Since the outbreak of European hostilities, the United States has claimed neutrality. (ignitia.com/editors) Wilson insisted that the US would remain free in order to "do what is honest...and truly serviceable for the world's peace." However, maintaining America's neutrality in the European conflict became increasingly difficult. In this lesson, you will learn about America's role in World War I in response to the escalating conflict in Europe.

The Russian Revolution

1917

Russia experienced its own turmoil, revolt, and revolution in the years preceding World War I.(ignita.com/editors) The revolt known as the Russian Revolution occurred just before the end of World War I, but to fully comprehend it,

world war one the american 1917 Revolution

1917

Some of the same issues that plagued the 1905 Revolution persisted prior to the 1917 Revolution. (ignitia.com/editors) For years, the peasants had been enraged by the nobility's ownership of all the land. Other, more practical issues kept the public dissatisfied with the government. Because of the war, food and other basic necessities were still in short supply. Furthermore, the workers continued to demand better working conditions.

Russian civil war

1918

By early 1918, Russia had devolved into a major civil war between the Bolsheviks, known as the "Reds," and their opponents, known as the "Whites." The Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party during the civil war. (ignitia.com/editors) The Bolsheviks, now Communists, had the people's support because they shared a common vision. They banded together in support of Lenin's cry of "Peace, Land, and Bread."

Death of the Romanovs.

1918

a squad of soldiers arrived in Tobolsk, Siberia, and ordered the former czar to accompany them. Nicholas and Alexandra, who had one daughter, were assigned to a small town. The Communists murdered the entire family, as well as three faithful servants and a family friend, To prevent the Romanov line from regaining the Russian throne, communism spread to Russia's neighbors. As more countries embraced Communism as their political system, they began to work together. (ignitia.com/editors)

post ww2

1945

At the end of World War II, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were the world's most powerful nations. (ignitia.com/editors) Following the fall of Nazi Germany, American soldiers, together with their British and French counterparts, controlled western Germany and the majority of Western Europe. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, had a massive, well-supplied army that controlled eastern Germany and much of Eastern Europe.

The united nations

1945

The United Nations was one light of optimism in the early Cold War years. This worldwide organization was established in 1945 when World War II was still raging. Unlike its predecessor, the League of Nations formed after World War I, the United Nations was supported by the United States. The Soviet Union likewise ratified the Treaty of Rome. (ignitia.com/editors)

NATO

1949

Recognizing the persistent threat posed by the Soviet Union in Europe, the United States opted to join a peacetime military alliance for the first time in its history. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was the name of the alliance. NATO was founded in 1949 by the United States, Canada, Iceland, Norway, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, France, and Italy. Greece and Turkey joined in 1952. West Germany later joined.(ignitia.com/editors)

Nuclear Arms Race

1949

the Communists conquered China that year, but the Soviet Union also tested its first atomic weapon. The Soviet Union apparently recruited spies to gain intelligence from the US on numerous crucial components of the weapon. (ignitia.com/editors) In any case, this invention paved the way for one of the Cold War's defining aspects. The US and the Soviet Union finally developed enough weaponry to destroy each other many times.

Berlin Blockade

1949

The Cold War was defined by a series of crises and local wars much like a regular war is defined by battles. (ignitia.com/editors) The first "battle" of the Cold War came over Berlin. This division, which was intended to be very temporary, remained in place with the American, British, and French zones being collectively referred to as West Berlin and the Soviet zone becoming East Berlin. The difficulty for the Western Allies was that Berlin was located deep inside Soviet-occupied eastern Germany

General Assembly

1950

The General Assembly is made up of all of the United Nations' member countries. The majority of the Assembly's decisions are made by majority vote. Resolutions on critical matters, such as peace and security proposals, require a two-thirds majority of member states to pass. (ignitia.com/editors) Each member country gets one vote. The Assembly participates in the election of members to other UN organizations.

International Court of Justice

1995

The International Court of Justice is the United Nations' judicial department. Its fifteen judges are chosen for a tenure of nine years. The Court is based in The Hague, the Netherlands. It provides advice to the other UN branches and resolves disputes between states that agree to submit a matter to the Court's vote of the judges.(ignitia.com/editors)

Security Council

1995

The United Nations Security Council is the group that strives to keep the globe at peace. (ignitia.com/editors) It is made up of fifteen member countries. France, the United Kingdom, the United States, China, and Russia are all permanent members. The General Assembly elects the remaining ten members for two-year periods. Some Council decisions are vetted by the five permanent members. Otherwise, decisions are taken by a majority vote.

Secretariat

1995

The Secretary-General of the United Nations and his or her staff comprise the Secretariat. The General Assembly chooses the Secretary-General based on the Security Council's proposal. (ignitia.com/editors) He or she will be in office for five years. The UN's day-to-day activities are managed by the Secretariat. The Secretary-General might also utilize his or her position's prominence to foster international problem-solving.

Economic and Social Council

1995

The Economic and Social Council is in charge of carrying out United Nations programs to promote education, medical care, and human rights for all people. (ignitia.com/editors) The Council is made up of 54 member states who are chosen for three-year terms by the General Assembly. It meets twice a year and makes decisions by majority vote.