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Muawiya was the founder of the Umayyad regime after the first Muslim civil war.
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During the Second Muslim civil war, leadership of Umayyad shifted from the Sufyanid branch to the Marwanid branch.
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The third Muslim civil war weakened the Umayyads’s resources and manpower.
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Umayyad dynasty was toppled by the Abbasid Revolution.
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Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's (pbuh) youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd. They ruled as caliphs after assuming authority over the Muslim Empire from the Umayyads.
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Abd al-Rahman made his way to Spain after the taking over of the Abbasids. He established a capital in the city of Cordoba.
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Al Mansur found the city of Baghdad. The capital city of Baghdad became a center of science, culture, philosophy and invention during the golden age of Islam.
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Abd al-Rahman gave power to Arab Umayyads to enforce Islam as the official religion. The Great Mosque of Cordoba was constructed and became the centerpiece of the capital and the kingdom.
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Abd al-Rahman named himself Caliph, a title of both religious and political authority. He asserted Umayyad power in North Africa against an Egyptian dynasty.
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Cordoba was the largest city in Europe at the time. Works of philosophy and science reached Cordoba where libraries and houses of study were formed.
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The Umayyads were replaced in by the success of other Muslim dynasties in Spain that lasted until 1492
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The Mongols took over Baghdad and ended the Islamic golden age.
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The Abbasid line of rulers and Muslim Culture recentered in Mamluk, Cairo.
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The Abbasid dynasty continued to claim authority over religious matters until the conquest of the Ottoman empire, though lacking political power.
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