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Ended persecution of Christians
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When Constantine moved capital to Constantinople
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Constantinople consecrated by pagan and Christian priests
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Inner Wall, Outer Wall, Moat
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Ruled the Byzantine Empire at its peak, conquered the former Western Roman Empire, rebuilt Constantinople following a major and destructive rebellion, and codified law. Additionally, he built the Hagia Sophia. After his death, less competent rulers replaced him, sending the Byzantine Empire into a long period of decline.
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Vandals subdued by Justinian (r 527-565)
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18 waves of the Bubonic Plague;
20% of Constantinople's population lost in 4 months in the spring of 542 -
Goths defeated by Justinian (r 527-565)
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Heraclius I seizes power of the Empire through a coup, reforming the government and allowing some level of decentralization.During this time period, the Persians, Avars, and Arabs conquered large portions of the empire. He defeated the Sassanian King.
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Persians capture Syria, Egypt, and Palestine
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Arabs unsuccessfully attack Constantinople
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Eruption at Thera/Santorini;
Regarded as an omen-- divine wrath? -
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The Empire loses large portions of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 while the Normans take Bari, the last Byzantine holding ont the Italian Peninsula. These losses were compounded by the Battle of Myriocephalum between the Turks and the Byzantines, who lost half of their army as the result of poor discipline and communication.
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Although intended to conquer the Muslim-controlled Holy Lands, the crusaders quickly turned on the Byzantines after they failed to make payments to the Venitians. Alexus IV attempted to reestablish his father Isaac II Angelus's rule in exchange for money.
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French and Venetian Armies of the Fourth Crusade capture and loot Constantinople
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Ottoman sultan Mehmed II sacks the capital
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Official division of Roman Empire into western and eastern halves
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Sassanian King defeated by Heraclius (r 610-641)
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Arabs unsuccessfully attack Constantinople
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Byzantine Empire began a period of revival;
Marked a long phase of teritorial expansion, political and cultural radiance over its neighnors, and a flourishing of education and the arts -
Summoned the 7th (and last) council in Nicea
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