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1520
Revolt of the Comuneros
The Revolt of the Comuneros was an uprising by citizens of Castile against the rule of Charles I and his administration, as he was a foreign and absent king.It begun in 1520 and ended in 1521. Moreover, Castilian peasants were opposed to paying new taxes and to finance wars and the king’s coronation as emperor. However, Charles managed not only to successfully repress the rebels but also meet most of their demands. Thus, the revolt was a success for both sides and restored the king's popularity. -
1520
Revolt of Comuneros
The Revolt of the Comuneros was an uprising by citizens of Castile against the rule of Charles I and his administration, as he was a foreign and absent king. It begun in 1520 and ended in 1521. Moreover, Castilian peasants were opposed to paying new taxes, financing wars and the king’s coronation as emperor. However, Charles managed not only to successfully repress the rebels but also meet most of their demands. Thus, the revolt was a success for both sides and restored the king's popularity. -
1521
Revolt of Germanias
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1521
Revolt of the Germanías
The Revolt of Germanías or the Revolt of the Brotherhoods was an uprising of artisans and peasants in the kingdoms of Mallorca and Valencia, at the beginning of the reign of Charles I. It begun in 1521 and ended in 1523. The citizens were against the nobility who monopolised municipal offices and charged high rents. However, the king supported nobility and suppressed the revolt. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Even though Charles V had won the Battle of Muhlberg, he finally had to accept the Peace of Augsburg that each Breman prince’s freedom of religion (they became Protestant). -
Period: 1556 to
Philip II
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Period: 1568 to 1571
The War of Alpujarras
The rebellion of the Alpujarras was a conflict during the reign of Philip II. The Moriscos of the Kingdom of Granada rebelled in Alpujarras against the sanctions imposed by the Crown, as they suspected that they practice their own religion, these limited their cultural freedoms. When Philip II's troops managed to defeat the Moriscos, they were distributed throughout different parts of the Crown of Castile. The depopulation lead to an economic, social and cultural crisis. It was a real civil war. -
Period: 1571 to 1571
Defeat of the Turks at Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was a naval confrontation, which occurred on October 7, 1571, between the Ottoman Muslims and the Catholics (financed above all by Philip II), for the expansion and control of the Mediterranean Sea. The victory of the Catholics, reinforced the Catholic hegemony(dominance) and additionally stopped Ottoman expansionism in the Mediterranean. -
Period: to
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The invincible armada was the naval war in the English Channel between England at the hands of Elizabeth I and the Spanish empire with Philip II. The fight was due to religious reasons: England wanted to keep the Protestant religion and Spain wanted to restore the Catholic religion in England. It was a failure of the Spanish navy, due to the bad strategy and the strong storms encountered. The Spanish army suffered a great human loss, since only half of the men returned alive. -
Period: to
Philip III
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Period: to
Expulsion of the Moriscos
The issue of the Moriscos had remained a problem since the revolt of the Alpujarras, as many people thought they still practised their religion.Thus, Philip III decided to put an end to their presence, his decree stated that all Moriscos must leave within three days and any remaining would be executed.It started in Valencia and spread over all Spanish Kingdoms.In the end, this decision damaged the economy, as most of the Morsicos worked on farms, and it was hard to find workers to replace them. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
Religious and political conflict to fight for dominance in Europe. In this war, the German Protestant prince confronted the Catholic emperor of Austria. The conflict ended with the defeat of the imperial and Spanish troops. In 1648, they signed the Peace of Westphalia. This recognised the independence of the north of the Netherlands (the United Provinces) from the Spanish Crown and reflected the decline of the Spanish Empire in Europe. -
Period: to
Philip IV
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Period: to
Treaty of the Pyrenees
Peace treaty that ended with the Spanish-French war setting the border between the two kingdoms. It was signed in Pheasant Island, whose administration alternates between both nations since 1659, by Philip IV and Louis XIV. It has remained intact since then. -
Period: to
Charles II
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Period: to
War of succession
Dynastic conflict established when Charles II did not have a successor. His two nephews fought for inheriting Charles II's throne. It ended up with the Peace of Utrecht that stated Philip V would be the new King.