AP Euro Timeline By avoglmayr Period: 500 BCE to 300 BCE Creative Era of classical Greek Civilization 46 BCE Roman Republic conquers Greece Period: 41 BCE to 31 BCE Roman Republic evolves into the Roman Empire Period: 26 to 29 Jesus is active in Palestine: Beginnings of Christianity Period: 306 to 337 Roman Emperor Constantine: toleration of Christianity 420 St. Augustine writes "City of God" Period: 450 to 750 Roman Catholic Church gains converts and influence in Western Europe 476 End of Roman Empire in the West Period: 610 to 632 Prophet Muhammad teaches the new religion of Islam Period: 635 to 750 Islam spreads across the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain 800 Coronation of Charlemagne; Carolingian Empire Period: 1000 to 1200 Improvements in European agriculture and rise of towns 1054 Schism of Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox Eastern Church Period: 1095 to 1099 First Christian Crusade in Palestine Period: 1100 to 1200 Arabic and Greek Science enters European Culture Period: 1100 to 1300 Development of Universities and Scholasticism Period: 1147 to 1221 Second-Fifth Christian Crusades Period: 1198 to 1216 Pope Innocent III: height of Midevil Papacy Period: 1267 to 1273 Thomas Aquinas writes the Summa Theologica Period: 1309 to 1378 "Babylonian Captivity": Papacy in Avignon Period: 1337 to 1453 Hundred Years' War between England and France Period: 1348 to 1350 Black Death decimates European population Period: 1350 to 1500 Renaissance Humanism and Art Period: 1378 to 1417 Schism of Roman Catholic Church: Popes in Avignon and Rome 1454 Johann Gutenburg begins printing books with movable type 1492 Christopher Columbus reaches America 1494 French invasion of Italy destroys independence of city-states 1513 Niccoló Machiavelli writes The Prince 1517 Martin Luther posts his "95 Theses"; Beginning of Protestant Reformation Period: 1519 to 1522 Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe Period: 1519 to 1533 Spanish conquests of Native American empires in the Americas Period: 1545 to 1563 Roman Catholic Council meets at Trent; promotes Catholic Reforms 1555 Peace of Augsburg recognizes Protestant and Catholic states in Germany Period: 1556 to 1598 Religious and civil wars in France 1565 "Manila Galleons" open Spanish trade route between Asia and America 1566 Revolt against Spanish control begins in the Netherlands 1588 Spanish Armada is destroyed off the coast of England and Scotland 1598 King Henry IV issues Edict of Nantes; grants religious rights to French Protestants Period: 1618 to 1648 The Thirty Years War in Germany 1648 Peace of Westphalia recognizes system of sovereign European states