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American and French Revolutions
Revolutions in the Monarchies -
30 Years War
The German Emperor was trying to suppress a revolt by Protestants and ends up leading into a conflict that involved most of Europe. Ferdinand gets help from the Catholic powers in Europe meanwhile Protestant forces come from Sweden and Netherlands to fight the Holy Roman Empire. The end of the Thirty Years war is a series of treaties called the Peace of Westphalia. -
English Bill of Rights
The Glorious Revolution leads to the English Bill of Rights. These rights say that the Parliament is over the Monarchy and the the Monarch can no longer raise taxes or end laws from being enforced. Citizens had the right to trial by jury and couldn’t be thrown in jail for no reason. This leads to the rights in the Bill of Rights under the US Constitution. -
Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa is challenged as the Monarch of Hapsburg because she is the first female to rule in her name. Frederick II invaded Silisia and Maria Theresa was unable to gain the land back but was able to inspire her people to rally around her and support her rule. This was important because it shows a growing nationalism in Europe that will lead to the modern nations we know today. -
Stamp Act
American colonists are forced to pay a tax for paper products like newspapers and pamphlets. The Americans say the tax, while wasn’t a lot of money, wasn’t fair because it was “taxation without representation” which was guaranteed to british citizens in the English Rights because the monarch couldn’t raise taxes without Parliament and the colonies had to representatives in Parliament. -
American Revolution
The representatives of the British colonies write the Declaration of Independence to break away with the British monarchy. They didn’t like the taxation without representation of the British Empire and wanted to be their own nation. Many battles were fought with General Washington at the head of the Continental Army to fight against the mighty British Army and Navy. -
Treaty of Paris
American, British, and French representatives sign the Treaty of Paris which ends the American Revolution. The colonies become and independent republic free from the British Empire and is recognized as being independent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. This is important because if we had not become independent then we may still be under British rule. -
Tennis Court Oath
- The Third Estate declares themselves the National Assembly and claim they represent all the people of France. The King locks them out of their assembly hall and the representatives think the King may come and kill them so they take an oath to “never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until we have established a sound and just constitution.” This is important because it ends the French Monarchy and says we will write a constitution that creates the French Nation.
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Storming the Bastille
1789 French version of the Boston Massacre. Parisians tried to break into the Bastille to take weapons and gunpowder to defend Paris from the royal army. They wanted to keep Paris free from the Kings power. This is very important because the people are demanding from the King. The people standing up against their own government. -
Reign of Terror
Max Robespierre was the force behind this idea. He thought “The first maxim of our politics ought to be to lead the people by means of reason and the enemies of the people by terror.” So anyone who was an enemy of the revolution was to be rule by terror. This isn’t a good way to promote a changing of the peoples’ minds because Third Estate were the majority of people being executed. -
French Revolution
By the end of the French Revolution France had been changed in many ways. The most important is that the monarchy is overthrown, the Catholic Church is controlled the people of France and not the Pope, and a rise of national pride because the French people had won many revolutionary battles against the monarchs of Europe.
