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Muhammed was born in a rich family of merchants from Mecca -
The authorities persecuted him because of his ideas. In 622, Muhammed fled to the city of Medina. This event is called the Hijra (marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar) -
Many Arabian tribes converted to Islam from 630 onwards and were united under the authority of Medina. -
They are Muhammed`s caliphate relatives
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Muhammed died in 632 -
End of the 4 caliphs. The beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, great territorial expansion in the Iberian Peninsula
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A Muslim army crossed from north of Africa and defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete. Rodrigo died. -
They conquered the Berber tribes in North Africa, took over most of the Iberian Peninsula
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After the military conquest, Al Andalus became a province or emirate that was dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus
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Muslims attacked the Frankish kingdom,where they were beaten in the Battle of Poitiers and forced to retreat south of the Pyrenees -
End of the Umayyad dynasty and the beginning of the Abbasid caliphate, Al Alandalus and Egypt were in crisis and lost territories.
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End of the dependent Emirate. Beginning of the independent Emirate
Abderramán I. Political independence but religious dependence from the Caliphate of Baghdad.
Economic prosperity -
End of the independent Emirate. Beginning of the Caliphate of Cordoba. Abderraman III founded it (political and religious independence). It was the golden age of Al Andalus: economic prosperity, cultural development, art... -
End of the Caliphate of Cordoba and the beginning of the Taifa Kingdoms
· Al- Andalus divided into small and weak kigdoms
·Almoravids in the 11 century
·Almohads and Battle of Navas de Tolosa -
End of the Taifa Kingdoms. Beginning of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.Payment of taxes to Castilla (parias). -
End of the Abbasid caliphate and the beginning of the Ottoman Turk,they conquered Constantinople. -
Conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs