-
Unite all the dominions of Spain and elevate the nation to a dominant world power.
-
She restoration of England to Protestantism; the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots; and England's defeat of the Spanish Armada
-
The Edict of Nantes, issued under Henry of Navarre after he ascended to the French throne as Henry IV, effectively ended the French Wars of Religion by granting official tolerance to Protestantism. Henry of Navarre had been a Calvinist, but before he was crowned, he converted to Catholicism.
-
Obsessed with the chivalrous ideals touted in books he has read, he decides to take up his lance and sword to defend the helpless and destroy the wicked.
-
Radically altered the balance of power in Europe and resulted in reduced influence over political affairs for the Catholic Church, as well as other religious groups. -
No taxation without the consent of Parliament, no imprisonment without cause, no quartering of soldiers on subjects, and no martial law in peacetime.
-
He oversaw the administrative and financial reorganisation of his realm, and also set up manufactures and worked to boost trade.
-
The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640 after an 11-year parliamentary absence
-
It ended the Thirty Years' War. -
killed by God and given as food to the Hebrews in the wilderness.
-
Charles's reign saw the rise of colonization and trade in India, the East Indies, and America, and the Passage of Navigation Acts that secured Britain's future as a sea power. He founded the Royal Society in 1660.
-
Sabastian spent the height of his working life in a Lutheran church position in Leipzig, as both organist and music director.
-
Glorious Revolution permanently established Parliament as the ruling power of England.
-
Locke proposed that government emerges from the consent of the government to protect their natural rights. -
firmly established the principles of frequent parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech within Parliament -
Petter the Great worked to modernize Russia and transform it into an empire that rivaled anything in Europe.
-
Greatly enlarged Prussia's territories and made Prussia the foremost military power in Europe.
-
Crusoe explored his island and discovered another part of the island much richer and more fertile, and he built a summer home there. -
Tells the story of his extensive global voyages, the places he has been, and the people (and other creatures) he met. -
He ordered the abolition of serfdom; by the Edict of Toleration he established religious equality before the law, and he granted freedom of the press.
-
Montesquieu pleaded in favor of a constitutional system of government and the separation of powers, the ending of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties. -
creating the Encyclopédie to encompass “all the knowledge scattered on the surface of the earth” and to provide a practical reference for tradesmen, whose professions were detailed in both the text and illustrative plates of the encyclopedia. -
The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution. -
Trying to find and marry Cunégonde, a young woman with whom he is in love, even leaving the gold city of El Dorado to be with her. He encounters many misfortunes and though he does ultimately marry Cunégonde, he no longer loves her. -
George founded and paid the initial costs of the Royal Academy of Arts.
-
She championed the arts and reorganized the Russian law code. She also significantly expanded Russian territory. -
Boston Massacre led directly to the Royal Governor evacuating the occupying army from the town of Boston. It would soon bring the revolution to armed rebellion throughout the colonies. -
The Boston Tea Party showed Great Britain that Americans wouldn't take taxation and tyranny sitting down, and rallied American patriots across the 13 colonies to fight for independence. -
The act authorized the Royal Navy to blockade Boston Harbor.
-
Massachusetts colonists defied British authority, outnumbered and outfought the Redcoats, and embarked on a lengthy war to earn their independence. American victory. -
13 of Great Britain's North American colonies threw off British rule to establish the sovereign United States of America, founded with the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
-
It extolls the benefits of the division of labor, competition, and trade. -
The 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists' motivations for seeking independence. -
The Battle of Yorktown proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution.
-
Between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution, and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation.
-
Became the official framework of the government of the United States of America.
-
It sets out the “natural and inalienable” rights, which are freedom, ownership, security, and resistance to oppression; it recognizes equality before the law and the justice system and affirms the principle of separation of powers.
-
The monarchy was overthrown and a republic set up based on the ideas of 'Liberté, égalité, fraternité'
-
The National Assembly swore not to stop meeting until France had a constitution.
-
Crowds of Parisian market women marched on Versailles, demanding reforms. They besieged the palace and forced King Louis XVI of France to return with them to Paris.
-
The monarchy was abolished and a republic was established. War continued throughout Europe. After the radicals gained control, those who were against the revolution were subject to arrest or execution.
-
It stated that women, like their male counterparts, have natural, inalienable, and sacred rights.
-
A trailblazing feminist work which argues that the educational system deliberately trained women to be frivolous and incapable.
-
To provide a new constitution for the country after the overthrow of the monarchy. The Convention numbered 749 deputies, including businessmen, tradesmen, and many professional men.
-
Instituted the conscripted army, which saved France from invasion by other countries and in that sense preserved the Revolution.
-
The Committee of Public Safety intent to defend the nation against foreign and domestic enemies, as well as to oversee the new functions of the executive government. -
Acted as the executive branch and were responsible for the day-to-day running of the country.
-
Architect of France's recovery following the Revolution before setting out to conquer Europe, which led to his downfall.
-
Victory at Austerlitz permitted the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, a collection of German states intended as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe. -
Nelson led Britain to victory over a combined French and Spanish fleet, but was shot and died during the battle.
-
The Battle of Leipzig decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland.
-
Building roads and draining marshes, boosting agriculture and developing mines, as well as overhauling the island's schools and its entire legal system. -
A long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars through negotiation.
-
He created his myth, dictated his memoirs and battled chronic pain from old battlefield injuries – and, possibly, fatal stomach cancer. -
Establishes moral and political rules of behavior.