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Roger Bacon promoted chemical remedies to treat disease. He also researched optics and refraction (bending of light rays). The average life span was 30-40 years.
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Dissection of the body began to allow better understanding of anatomy and physiology artists Michelangelo used dissection to draw the human body more realisticly.
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Michael Servetus described the circulatory system in the lungs. He explained how digestion is a source of heat for the body.
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Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer.
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The vaccine is made from a virus called vaccinia which is a "pox"-type virus related to smallpox. The smallpox vaccine contains the "live" vaccinia virus - not dead virus like many other vaccines.
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Fever that lasts for more than 24 hours within the first 10 days after a woman has had a baby. Puerperal fever is due to an infection, most often of the placental site within the uterus. If the infection involves the bloodstream, it constitutes puerperal sepsis.
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a medical treatment that prevents patients from feeling pain during procedures like surgery, certain screening and diagnostic tests, tissue sample removal (e.g., skin biopsies), and dental work. It allows people to have procedures that lead to healthier and longer lives.
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Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch that sticks out from the colon on the lower right side of the belly, also called the abdomen.
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Records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different heart conditions. Electrodes are placed on the chest to record the heart's electrical signals, which cause the heart to beat. The signals are shown as waves on an attached computer monitor or printer
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Inside the pancreas, the hormone insulin is made in the beta cells, which are part of the Islets of Langerhans. These islets also have alpha cells, which make glucagon, as well as delta cells. With each meal, beta cells release insulin to help the body use or store the blood glucose (blood sugar) it gets from food.
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Heart valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure, carried out to repair one or more faulty heart valves. In some valvular heart diseases repair where possible is preferable to valve replacement.
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Penicillin is a medication used to manage and treat a wide range of infections.
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Streptomycin is the first discovered aminoglycoside antibiotic, originally isolated from the bacteria Streptomyces griseus. It is now primarily used as part of the multi-drug treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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After the introduction of temporary transcutaneous cardiac pacing by Paul Zoll in 1952, and of the temporary endocardial approach by Seymour Furman in the USA in 1958, the first definitive electronic pacemaker was implanted by Senning and Elmqvist in Sweden on 8 October 1958 using a thoracotomy to suture two epicardial
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the first successful vaccine was created by US physician Jonas Salk. Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953, and a year later on 1.6 million children in Canada, Finland, and the USA.
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A live vaccine produced by Merck (Rubeovax) and a formalin-inactivated one produced by Pfizer (Pfizer-Vax Measles–K).
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Mumps was one of the most common causes of aseptic meningitis and sensorineural hearing loss in childhood in the United States until the introduction of a vaccine in 1967. In 1971, the mumps vaccine was licensed in the United States as a combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
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Rapid prenatal whole exome sequencing (RP-WES) is a relatively new development within the NHS that looks for a limited number of specific fetal anomalies.
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The ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are called telomeres. They were discovered in the late 1930's first in flies by Herman Muller and then in corn by Barbara McClintock
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Enhancers are often transcribed in a cell-specific manner and may be highly responsive to the state of the cell.