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Used the printing press to print copies of the Bible. The impact of Gutenbergs work was economic as well as social and technological.
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Da Vinci science improved the quality of his paintings. His study in anatomy helped him draw realistic human figures. He used mathematics to organize the space in his paintings. Most famous portraits are The Last supper & Mona Lisa!
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Painted the frescoes that are in the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican, the pope's residence. Sculpted biblical figures such as David, wrote poetry, and helped design St. Peter's Basilica in Rome!
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Wrote The Prince descibing how government should not be concerned with lofty ideas rulers should only be concerned with power and political success.
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More condemned governments as corrupt and argued that private ownership of property causes unneccesary conflicts between people in his classic Utopia.
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Luther was a monk of the Catholic Church. The theses challenge church practices on a church door in Wittenberg. Luther considered himself a reformer who was working from within the main tradition of the church.
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Holy Roman Emperor Charles V then summoned Luther to appear before the Imperial Date at the City of Worms. Luther was commanded to abandon his ideas but refused and was declared an outlaw. The emperor banned the printing and sale of Luthers works.
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To further stregthen support for the Catholic church religious orders reformed their rules and new religious orders formed. In 1540 Pope Paul recognized the Jesuits as an official order of the church. Loyola believed that salvation could be acheived by doing good deeds!
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He moved the city of Geneva where is doctrine of Calvinism became the official religion. Many people including high ranking nobles in France converted to Calvinism!
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Pope Paul summoned church leaders to the Italian City of cTrent. Council of Trent begins its effort to reform the Catholic Church from within. Acted to end abuses that surrounded the sale of indulgences and to tighten disclipine within clergy.
