-
-
-
-
A heavily outnumbered force under Muhammed successfully defeats the Qurayshi armies from Mecca. Seen as "divine intervention" by Muslims.
-
The second encounter between Muhammed's forces and the Meccans, the Meccan military was tactically victorious, though they chose to retreat rather than pursue and demolish Muhammed's forces.
-
-
Date: July 26 - 28, 657 A.D. The armies of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and Mu'awiyah, Governor of Damascus, met on the shores of the Euphrates due Mu'awiyah's desire to see Uthman's murderers brought to justice and Ali's reluctance to do so. Arbitration followed, which proved indecisive, and the two factions remained hostile thereafter, beginning the Shia/Sunni divide.
-
-
Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel successfully repel armies of the Umayyad Caliphate, protecting the rest of Europe from Muslim expansionism.
-
-
-
Romanos iV and the Byzantines take the fortress at Manzikert, only to be surrounded by Sultan Seljuk and his army. Subsequently, a combination of heavy archery fire and a crescent tactic used on the withdrawn Byzantines led to the decisive defeat of the Byzantines. Upon victory, Seljuk set Romanos free with conditions only to be usurped in his own kingdom.
-
-
Date: June 7th - July 15, 1099 The Crusader Kingdoms successfully siege and capture the Holy City of Jerusalem from Fatimid Egypt. Also note the 'divine vision' from by a priest which involved fasting and marching barefoot around the city; thereafter it was shortly conquered.
-
-
The Crusader Kingdoms of Jerusalem are tricked and trapped by the Ayyubid forces under Saladin and easily defeated. King Guy is subsequently taken into custody by Saladin while Raynald is beheaded.
-
-
The Mamluk Empire decisively defeats Hulegu Khan and the Mongols, thus preventing his advance into Egypt.
-
Loose-knit of Arabian kingdoms in modern-day Yemen whose trade in spices and incense flourished. Circa 800 B.C. - 600 A.D.
-
Circa 550 B.C. - 333 A.D.
-
-
