-
500
17.1- Europe- Monasteries Start Following Benedictine Rule
Monasteries are a community of monks, which are religious men who live away from the society in isolated communities. An Italian monk named Benedict then created set of rules that was called the Benedictine Rule. Most monasteries started following that set of rules, and they became Benedictine monks. Not every monk followed it, but most did. -
Period: 700 to 1066
Chapter 17- Early Middle Ages
The early Middle Ages was an important period in history. Christianity was the main religion, and there were kings, nobles, knights and peasants. Their government system was a lot like Japanese feudalism, except for a few differences. Kings were the head of the society, and they were very close to knights. This time period has affected history a lot. -
Dec 25, 800
17.2- Aachen- Charlemagne Becomes Emperor of Romans
Charlemagne was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day. He received this title because he was king first, and he was a brilliant warrior. He built a huge empire by conquering many kingdoms surrounding them and was a very brave man. He also built schools through Europe. -
1066
17.3- England- Feudalism Spreads to England
Feudalism was created by the Frank family. Their knights reintroduced it throughout Europe, and it reached England. This was spread by a man named William who was a duke in Normandy, France. He conquered England and established a feudal system in England and became their king. -
Period: 1066 to 1492
Chapter 18- The Later Middle Ages
The later Middle Ages are an important time period in history. During this time, religion was a major part of life, the Black Death occurred, the Hundred Years' War happened, and other great stuff happened. The Middle Ages benefitted the future a lot, and it shaped our current society. -
1073
18.1- Holy Roman Empire-Pope Gregory VII Became the New Pope
When Pope Gregory VII became the new pope he caused a lot of conflict. One way was by disapproving a Bishop that the pope chose. The pope thought that the pope questioned his authority and he tried to make the bishops remove Gregory as pope, and in response, he excommunicated the emperor from the church. He proved that the pope was more powerful, and that caused a debate for many years. -
1096
18.2- Holy Land- The First Crusade Begins
The first crusade that left Europe that went to Palestine had about 5000 people. They were mostly peasants, and along the way they killed some Jews because they thought they were responsible for killing Jesus. However, before they reached Palestine, Turkish troops killed most of the peasant crusaders. The nobles and knights did a better job, and they won. They set up kingdoms in Jerusalem, but they still traded with Europeans. -
1100
18.3- Europe- Monks Isolate Themselves from the Public
A few monks in Europe thought that the set of rules that they had to follow, called Cluny's rule. They decided to create a tighter set of rules to follow. They decided to live away from the public, and some even decided to stop talking entirely. Even though they isolated themselves, they helped our society a lot. -
1215
18.4- England- Nobles Create the Magna Carta
The Magna Carter was created because kings did not respect the rights of the citizens. The document listed rights both the citizens and the king had to follow. A right they had to follow was that no one could go to jail without reason. The document was successful, and the citizens finally got rights. -
Period: 1271 to
Chapter 19- The Renaissance and the Reformation
The Renaissance was a huge part of Italian history, and it made Italy a strong and successful country. It recovered from the Black Death, and managed to be the center of art. Italy is the home of many major artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. -
Period: 1416 to
Chapter 20- Science and Exploration
The Scientific Revolution has impacted our world greatly. The scientists during that time period helped us understand our world more clearly. The voyages that took place after that helped us find new areas of our world, such as America and Asia. Trade has also helped us, and their economic system has impacted us greatly too. -
1456
19.2- Germany- Johann Gutenberg Prints the Bible in Latin
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press, and so he used it to print the Bible. He printed it in numerous amounts, and he translated it into Latin. It was then translated into many other languages, and after that many people wanted to learn how to read. -
1492
18.5- Spain- Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand End the Reconquista
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand were successful by ending the Reconquista. They sent their army to conquer Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain. They were successful, and they banned the religion of Islam a few years later. They also forced all Spanish Jews to become Christians or they would have to leave Spain. -
1513
19.1-Italy- Niccolo Machiavelli Writes the Prince
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a book called the Prince. The book was about how rulers should rule and what they should do to get peace. He said that rulers should not focus on theories, but the present. He said that sometimes you need to be ruthless to keep everyone in order. -
1517
19.3- Germany- Martin Luther Nails the 95 Theses on Church Doors
Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses to his church's doors. The 95 Theses are complaints that Martin Luther made about the church. He offended many of the people in the church, and was excommunicated from the church. He ended up splitting up the church, and the ones who protested are now called Protestants. -
20.2- England- Spain Sends the Spanish Armada to England
The Spanish were in control of the riches in the New World. However, England wanted those riches, so many English sailors stole treasures from the New World. The Spanish were really mad, so they sent a fleet of 130 ships called the Spanish Armada to England. However, England had better guns and quicker ships, so Spain lost. -
17.4- Japan- The Japanese Create Haikus
The Japanese appreciate art, mostly with themes of nature. Both their literature and art represents nature, so the type of poetry they created called haikus mostly talked about nature. They were short poems that had three lines and had seventeen syllables. They mostly describe nature scenes. -
20.3- Netherlds- The Dutch Became Powerful by Shipbuilding
The Dutch started being a trading power by using their shipbuilding skills. Their experience in shipbuilding, sailing and business helped their trade with other parts of the world. Dutch merchants formed a company is they could trade with Asia directly. They controlled many islands in Southeast Asia and trading posts in areas such as Japan, India, and Southern Africa. -
Period: to
Chapter 21- Enlightenment and Revolution
The Enlightenment is a big part of history. During that time period, reason was highly appreciated, and religion was mocked and pushed away. Many philosophers were against religion, and they had many works that helped our world get better. There were also revolutions, and other important events that impacted history greatly. -
20.1- England- Sir Isaac Newton Discovers Gravity
Sir Isaac Newton is one of the world's greatest scientists. He is best known for discovering the concept of gravity, which is a force that attracts objects to each other. He also developed the laws of motion, which explains how objects move around in space. He has impacted science greatly, and he helped us discover the world more. -
21.3- England- English Bill of Rights Gets Approved
The English Bill of Rights took ideas from the Magna Carta and was given to William of Orange and his wife Mary, who were next in line for the throne. The Magna Carta had been ignored for a long time, but William and Mary agreed to it. They also agreed to let the Parliament pass laws and raise taxes. -
21.2- England- John Locke Publishes Two Treatises on Government
John Locke was an English philosopher who majorly influenced the Enlightenment political thought. He published a book called Two Treatises on Government, which talked about how government was a contract between the ruler and the people. He said this because that means the rulers's power is now limited. He also believed that natural rights- life, liberty and property-had to be available to everybody. -
21.1- France- Voltaire Fights Against Censorship
Voltaire was a French philosopher who mocked religion and the government in his writings. He said that only humans can improve their existence. He believed that censorship, removing knowledge that was considered harmful, was not needed. He said that everyone needs to speak their mind and no knowledge is harmful. -
Chapter 17- Modern Day- Missionaries
In the Middle Ages, Christianity was the main religion in Europe. They spread it using missionaries, which we still do today. We send missionaries to spread religious messages, and it helps spread religion both back then and today. -
Chapter 18- Modern Day- Christianity
During the Middle Ages, Christianity was a major aspect of life. They fought for it and it was so important that the pope was at the top of the social hierarchy. They managed to spread it all over the world and Christianity is now all over the world. They managed to spread it to countries that never used to have Christianity as a major religion and make it a huge part of people's lives then. -
Chapter 19- Modern Day- Printing
The printing press was invented during the Renaissance. Now printing is more advance, but without the invention of a printing press, we would not be able to print at all. The printing press has helped our technology advance a lot. -
Chapter 21- Modern Day- Reason
The Enlightenment was a time that reason was the center of everything, not religion. Now, reason is used a lot and is used to help us figure out many problems. Religion is not appreciated as much, and reason is something everyone uses and appreciates now. -
Chapter 20- Modern Day- Scientific Method
The scientific method has helped us when we are doing science experiments. It is used to conduct experiments whether professional or for a class. It has helped science greatly, and the method is really helpful while conducting experiments.