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The 5 crusades fought against the Muslimsfor the Holy Land (Palistine) in 1096. This is knnown as the Holy War and from this came extenged trade routes.
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The rennaisance was a rebirth of Europe after the Black Death. This was a period when the people wanted to live a happy life and do some exploring away from the church. The city states rose to power, Humanism was born and there were great strides in science, art, and everything was inspired by the ancient greeks.
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Was a series of wars btween England and France for the French throne. It lasted for so many years that the neer generations had no idea what they were fighting for anymore.
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The Black Death was a plague that hit Europe and whiped out 2/3 of their population. It was caused by a bacteria called Pasterella Pestis and was brought to Europe by flees on rats that were in trade ships from Asia.
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Zhu took the name Hongwu and made the ming dynasty. Ming means "brilliant", and the Ming dynasty lasted nearly 300 years, untill 1644. He worked to rebuild China by bettering agriculture, reducing taxes, and eleminating Mongol influence by teaching tradtitional confusicus principles.
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He had voages of hundreds of ships and sailed to Southeast Asia, India, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula and Africa. He brought back all kinds of gifts some of te strangest being griaffes and zebras.
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Joan was a French peasant girl who believed she was chosen by god. She convinced prince Charles to lead his army against the english. She won every single battle until her own men convicted her of being a witch and burned her on the stake at the age of 19.
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The Ottomans led a sea and land attack against the Capital of Byzantine, Constinople. The battle lasted two months long and after the Ottomans took over the city was known as Instanbul. It was turned into a Muslim city.
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Gutenburg created a printing press that used metal plates instea of wood and it was way more efficient. Informarion spread quickly because of it. Inofrmation like the bible, which caused people to stop going to church and start realizing how corrupt the church was.
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in 1492 Christopher comlumbus sailed West trying to find India but instead found what is now the Americas and called them the West Indies. He was funded by the king and queen of Spain.
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In Spain in 1492 the nation's rulers were catholics, trying to convert everyone. If you weren't a converted to Christianity then you were expelled. This included Moors, Jews, and gypsies. This took a huge chuhck of the Spainish workforce out.
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Porteguese explorer, Vasco da Gama, set out for India in 1497, and completed his journey nearly 10 months later. His trip made Portugal the richest, most powerful nation in Europe at the time.
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European's in America needed workers for their plantations, because of that millions of Africans were bought or taken from Africa and brought to America. The goods the harvested were then solf to Europe anf this was known as triangular trade.
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Persian Muslims were the Shia section of Islams split into. Their leader was a 14 year old boy named Esma'il, who had a series of victories and took over Persia. He dreamed of converting all Islam Sunnis so Shiim. Abbass brought on a golden age during the Safavid empire.
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Amerigo Vespucci travelede along the coast of what is now South America and concluded that it was not India. The map makers in his company named the "New World" after Amerigo
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Da Vinci painted the "Mona Lisa" painting to capture the complexity of the human spirit with her mysterious smile.
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Micheal Angelo begins to paint the Sistine chapel for the pope. It is a painting on the celiing of the events in the old testement of the Christian bible.
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Martin Luther wrote 95 thesies on what the catholic church was doing wrong (including indulgences). It was written in LAtin and intended for the church officials to read but was quickly spread around due to the printing press. This resulted in him being excommunicated and turned into a criminal.
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In 1519 Magellan set off on a journey with 5 ships and 250 men to sail around the world. His trip was over in 1522. He died before completing his journey but is still credited with being the first person to circumnavigate.
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had a 14 year old king, Baber, who defeated an army of 100k with his own army of 12k with a secret weapon: discipline and cannons. It was a period of small kingdoms with no single ruler afterward. Was taken over by Muslims ad had a government called Delhi Sultate that was tolerant but taught Muslim traditions.
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Francisco Pizarro led an expedition to Peru in hopes of finding wealth. The new ruler, Atahualpa, wanted to meet with Pizarro but Pizarro forced Christianty on them and when they refused Pizarro he killed them all.
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After king Henry VIII's request to annul his marriage to Catherine is refused by the pope he takes control in what is called, "The King's Matter". What the king does is creates a new religion, Anglican, which replaces the Catholics.
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In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus suggested that the Sun was the center of the universe and not Earth. Galileo expressed these views and got put under house arrest by the church because they did not want science challenging religion.
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Pope Paul III saw the need to fix the catholic's corruption and made the Council of Trent. It trained priests, fixed the money wasting and indulgences were gone. It empasized self dicipline and self faith and that you needed to go to church to reach salvation.
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Spain reached its peak under his rul ebecause of the gold and silver flow from the Americans. He wanted to spread Catholicism to the European territories. He fought with the Protestances and also fought with the Dutch who refused to Ally with him. H made the Court of Blood to torture the rebels1609 a truce was formed.
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After her father, brother, and Mary had died Elizabeth 1 became queen. She made the Supremecy act in 1559 to split England from Rome. She firmly established the church of England and killed many Catholics.
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The Age of Enlightenment ook place in Europe to Prussia, Russia, Austria and beyond that. A system of government was formed where they ruled base off Enlightenment udeas and the leaders were called enlightened despots. This Age lasted for about 200 years.
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In 1604 settlers founded Jamestown in Virginia and named it after their king, king James I. This is the first permanant settlement in America. The water was nasty and the land not fertile and most of them died.
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At the age of 18 Louis XIV became king. His entire life was spent learning how to be king so he was very cofident in his ability to rule. He decided he would run the govenment saying, "He was the state" and chose the sun as his symbol because the world revolved around him.
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The Qing dynasty taught confusious traditions but had both chinese and Manchu officials so the two groups respected each other. The the impotant emperor in the Qing dynasty was Kangxi, who lower taxes, valued science and education, population rose, and also had a crop surplus during his reign. Did foriegn trade but only with the Dutch though they kept up with european advances.
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Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1653. He demanded obedience and limited forms of entertainment. He was for Absolutism and had trouble dealing with the Leviathan, which talked about a strong monarch ruler
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Peter became czar when he was a child and at age 17 he replaced his sister on the throne. He built a powerful navy to fight the Turks. He also brought about a modernization called Westernization to russia. He also founded a new city, - st.Petersburg
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She was a German princess that came to marry Peter the Great's grandson, She also build upon peters westernization of Russia and led many reforms such improving her authority over rural areas.
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Delagates met a Constitutional Convention in Philly and ended up writing the US constitution. It is the oldesr written constitution still used today. It was signed by all the delegates in 1787, ratifying it.
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Feelings of anger and resentment toward the French monarchy lead to the French Revolution. The french govenment consister of 3 main groups and none of them were happpy. So after much fighting the monarchy crumbled and out came a new government.
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Everyone was concern about how the revolution was coming along. Spain, Holland, Great Brittian, Austria, and Prussia had banded together to make war against France. They did everything they could have to avoid a counterrevolution. The Moutain started a series of trials and executions causes a wave of terror throughout the land.
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Napoleon released a plebiscite, a question to all the voters: Didi they want to declare France an empire? They supported him, making him the new emperor. Pope Pius VII went to crown him and Napoleon took the crown and coronated himself.
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The Tokugawa Shogunate was established at a fishing village which is now Tokyo. During this time agriculture production increased as did economic activity and the populace. The social structures were strict where peasants werent at the bottom of the social pyrimid, but the merchants who did not produce anything.
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In 1651 Thomas Hobbes wrote a book called the Leviathan. His book was about how people are selfish and greedy and about his belief that people should give up some freedoms to a strong leader for thier own safety (absolute monarchy).
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1815 all of Napoleon's enemies joined forces for one last butt whooping on Napoleon. They met near the village of Waterloo and teh British and Prussians finally defeated Napoleon. The total loss was around 50,000 men.
