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During the 1200's, block printed items reached Europe from China.
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The movement that started in Italy caused an explosion of creativity in are, writing, and thought.
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When the destruction of the 100 Years War ended, many cities grew rapidly.
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Medieval artists had used religious subjects to convey a spiritual ideal
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Northern European artists who studiy in Italy carrries Renissance ideas back to the homelands
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Renissance writers produced works that reflected their time, but they also used techniques that writers rely on today
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Scholars generally decided what was true or false by reffering to Ancient Greek or Roman author or Bible
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Italian Humanists were very interested in reviving languages and classical texts
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The Reformation ended the Christian unity of Europe and left it culturally divided
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MArtin Luther wanted to be a good christian, not lead a religious revolution.
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The Renissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged church authority
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His ideas spread rapidly and attracted followers but many people were unhappy because they saw this as a challenge to control
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While protestant churches won many followers, millions remained true to the Catholic Church.
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The Catholic Church faced another great challenge to its authority in England
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As scholars studied these manuscripts they became more influenced by classical ideas that helod to develp a new outlook on life and art
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Huldrych Zulingli calles for a return to teh more personal faith of ealy christianity.
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Ivan the IV, came to throne when he was 3. When he was 16, he siezed power and had himself crowned czar.
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Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo began the revolution of thinking in a new way
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A group of scholars start to question the geocentric theory
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Elizabeth reigned, wrote poetry and music, and did much to support the development of English art and liturature
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Ivan's "Bad Period" happened when Anistasia died. He turned on the boyars after accusing of poisoning his wife.
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Inherited Spain, Spanish Netherlands, & the American Colonies.
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Changes the outlook on art and society
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Isaac helps bring together a a breakthrough inder a single theory of motion
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Thomas Hobbes & John Locke both experience political turmoil
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Enlightment writers challenges long-held ideas about society
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Had a mind of a genius, the body of a giant, and the temper of a bear.
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After Ivan's son died, Russia experienced a period of turmoil called "The Time of Trouble."
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Became the ruler of France & a hard-working leader of the Catholic Church in France
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After Henry IV died, he reigned a weak kingdom.
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Always needed money because he was always at war with Spain and France
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During that time, Parliament passed laws to limit royal power
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His "New Model Army" began defeating the Cavaliers
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Astronomers explore the universe; others study the nature on earth
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The Bloodless overthrow of King James II
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No British Monarch could rule without the consent of Parliament
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Parliament drafted a Bill of Rights to make clear of the limits of Royal Power
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Women writers try to improve the status of m=women. Mary Astell publishes a book.
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Paris became the meeting place for the people who wanted to disguss politics and ideas
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Young people from America and Europe studied, philosophize, and enjoy the culture of the busy city
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The enlightment ideals of order and reason were reflected in music, liturature, painting, and archetecture.
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The Enlightment spirit also swept through Europes royal courts
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He achieved his name by achieving his goals for Prussia
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She faced yeasrs of war with Prussia and was promised a peaceful reign. She was a strong leader.
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War broke out on the North American continent between English and French
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british colonist had formed settlements along the northern shore of America
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After declaring independence, 13 states ratified a constitution
