-
In regards to Silk Road trade sea routes were only good for China, India, and the Middle East until ~1400 B.C.E. This is when sea routes start to replace land routes.
-
The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism in Mesopotamia around 1300 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).
-
According to the Bible, the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE.
-
Buddhism, which teaches people that they can escape the suffering of the world through the Buddhist teachings, developed in Northeast India in 520 BCE and spread to other parts of Asia
-
Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)
-
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE
-
Developed in Tibet in the 7c CE.
-
Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 33 in Palestine in the city of Jerusalem. It was after his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.
-
Founded in Arabia by Muhammad in A.D. 622.
-
Muhammad’s death in 632 AD
-
The House of Wisdom was founded either as a library for the collections of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the late 8th century (then later turned into a public academy during the reign of Al-Ma'mun) or was a private collection created by Al-Mansur (reign 754–775) to house rare books and collections of poetry in both Arabic and Persian.
-
The Islamic Golden Age
Age of the Caliphs – (800 AD - 1258 AD) -
In Russia…Mongol forces successfully attacked Russia in 1224 by defeating Kiev Rus.
Lasted the longest of the all the khanates (until 1480). -
Kiev was taken by 1240 …very few towns survived (only Novgorod and Moscow because they submitted).
-
Linked Christian, Muslim and Chinese worlds in one Pax Mongolica
Encouraged Silk Road trade
Patrols and passports
Paid high prices at Karakorum and financed caravans
Marco Polo (1253-1324)
Traveled with father and uncle to the East, made a fortune, and went back (1271-1295)
Great influence on European attitudes towards the East
New Ideas from China went west:
Paper and paper money, gunpowder, coal, movable type, passports, high-temperature furnaces, medicine, etc. -
Genghis Khan’s grandson who ruled entire China and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1279 C.E.
first conquered north China under the Jurchen,
Then conquered south China under the Southern Song/Sung,
The conquest of China (Southern Song/Sung) began in 1268 and took 11 years to complete, highlighted by
The battle of Xiangyang, which took 5 years (1268-1273)
The battle of Yangzhou, 1 year (1275) -
Kubilai Khan, another grandson, moved against the Song in China and by 1271 his dynasty became the Yuan.
-
Born: 1304 in Tangier, Morocco
Died: 1369 in Fez, Morocco
His travels began in 1325, when he was twenty-one years of age, on a Hajj, or Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca. They lasted for about thirty years, covering about 75,000 miles, visiting the equivalent of 44 modern countries. -
Mansa Musa conquered 24 cities, along with their surrounding districts... During Musa's reign, Mali may have been the largest producer of gold in the world, and Musa has been called the wealthiest individual in history, though there is no accurate way to quantify his wealth. In 1324–1325, Musa performed the hajj.
-
It is believed 60,000-80,000 people (servants) accompanied Mansa on his journey to Mecca (1324).
By 1375 word of Mali’s wealth led to it appearing on a European map of West Africa. -
Invaders: Tuareg nomads seized Timbuktu in 1431
By 1500’s Mali empire was dismantled.
After Mansa Musa died in 1337, aged 57, the empire was inherited by his sons who could not hold it together. ... But Mali's fame as a place of incredible wealth ultimately led to its downfall with Portuguese interest in the kingdom ultimately culminating in naval raids against the empire starting in the 15th century. -
end and beginning of world war 1