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ASPRIN
4000 years prior, Sumerians made an astonishing discovery: If they scratched the bark of a specific tree and ate it, their pain disappeared. What the Sumerians found influenced medication referred to today as Asprin. In 1899, a German chemist Felix Hoffmann synthesized the aspirin formulae and offered the formulae to his dad with arthritis; his pain elapsed. Hoffmann persuaded Bayer to market the new miracle drug. Aspirin was patented on February 27, 1900. -
DISCOVERY OF DIFFERENT HUMAN BLOOD TYPES
Karl Landsteiner discovered a portion of the human blood classifications that we know today. In 1901– 1903, Landsteiner noticed blood from animals to human, will result in the formation of blood clots that will block vessels. He presumed that may happen when the blood of one human individual is transfused to different people. In 1901, Landsteiner discovered the common blood types A, B, O. Adriano Sturli and Alfred von Decastello discovered type AB a year later in 1902. -
FIRST LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN HUMANS
Georg Kelling in 1902 performed laparoscopic surgery using dogs. In 1910 Hans Christian Jacobaeus was credited with performing the first thoracoscopic operation with a cystoscope. The laparoscopic procedure has more advantage than the typical, open method; It reduced pain because of smaller entry points, decreased hemorrhaging and has shorter recuperation time. -
DISCOVERY OF VITAMIN D
In 1913 Edward Mellanby examined the reason for rickets, a disease of children characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs. He found that bolstering confined puppies on an eating regimen of porridge initiated rickets, which could then be restored with cod liver oil and reasoned that rickets was brought about by a dietary factor. In 1919 he discovered the absence of Vitamin D resulted in rickets. -
INSULIN FIRST USED TO TREAT DIABETES
A wide range of diabetes happens because of the body's inability to utilize glucose productively. In 1921 Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin. They had isolated material from pancreas extracts that prolonged the lives of dogs made diabetic by removal of the pancreas. In 1922, Banting and Best treated their first human patient whose life was spared by the treatment. By 1923, insulin was available in quantities adequate for relatively widespread treatment of diabetes. -
DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN
The first antibiotic that doctors used were Penicillins and we credit the discovery of Penicillins to Alexander Fleming. On Sept. 28, 1928, Fleming returned to his laboratory to find a Petri dish containing Staphylococcus bacteria with its lid no longer in place. Upon examination of the mold, he noticed that the culture prevented the growth of staphylococci. He identified the mold as being from the genus Penicillin and released penicillin on 7 March 1929. -
INVENTION OF THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
The innovation of the electron microscope by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska in 1931, at last, overcame the barrier of higher resolution that had been imposed by the limitations of visible light. The principal model of a microscope which utilizes a beam of electrons rather protons (light) was constructed. Finally, scientists could plainly see viruses and small intracellular structures, at up to one million times as extensive than previous light microscopes. -
BLOOD BANK
Bernard Fantus in 1937 started the first blood bank at Cook County Hospital in Chicago. The estimation of additional blood for a medical procedure was self-evident, however, the collection and storage issues were presented. Disclosure of anticoagulants and approaches to storing blood, at any rate quickly, empowered fast advancement of blood donation centers and transfusion strategies. Routine blood storage is 42 days or 6 weeks for stored packed red blood cells -
SHUNT TECHNIQUE
Alfred Blalock performs the first open-heart operation, using a shunt technique he developed to bypass an obstruction of the aorta. He and his colleagues devised a means for improving the flow of oxygen into the blood by connecting one of the heart's major arteries with another feeding into the lungs. This brought relief to a young girl with heart defects that kept her blood so starved for oxygen that her skin was literally blue. -
DEFIBRILLATOR
Around the turn of the twentieth century, heart disease became the leading cause of death. Heart surgery pioneer Claude Beck performed the first successful defibrillation in 1947 on a 14-year-old kid encountering ventricular fibrillation amid one of his medical procedures. Beck directed a substituting current of 60Hz to the kid's heart and, on the second attempt, the heart effectively restarted. Therefore, defibrillation was conceived. -
CLONING
Thomas King and Robert Briggs were the first to perform experimental nuclear transplantation in 1952. Nuclear transplantation allowed experimental embryologists to manipulate the development of an organism and to study direct development. Using northern leopard frogs the nuclear transplantation experiment resulted in the formation of an organism with the same genetic material as the donor cell, or a clone. -
IMPLANTABLE ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER
Rune Elmqvist developed the first ever implantable artificial pacemaker in 1958. Arne Larsson became the first to receive an implantable pacemaker. The first pacemaker implanted functioned only a few hours but the second one implanted in the same patient had better longevity. -
cardiopulmonary resuscitation-CPR
Resuscitationpioneers Drs. Kouwenhoven, Safar, and Jude combined mouth-to-mouth breathing with chest compressions to make cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the lifesaving action we presently call CPR. The American Heart Association begins a program to familiarize doctors with chest cardiovascular resuscitation, which turns into the precursor of CPR preparing for the overall population. -
FIRST LUNG TRANSPLANT
James D. Hardy was a surgeon who performed the world's first lung transplant with patient John Russell who lived for 18 days. Prior to continuing with human lung transplantation, Dr. Hardy and his team had performed around 400 lung transplants on dogs. The transplanted lung appeared to work early after transplantation, the dogs eventually rejected the lungs inside a month. -
FIRST TEST TUBE BABY IS BORN
In 1977, Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards successfully carried out a pioneering conception which resulted in the birth of the world's first baby to be conceived by In vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF is a laboratory procedure in which sperm and egg are fertilized outside the body. In 1978, Louise Joy Brown, the world’s first baby to be conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) is born. -
ARTIFICIAL SKIN
Until the late twentieth century, skin grafts were built from the patient's own skin (autografts) or cadaver skin (allografts). Ioannis V. Yannas and John F. Burke developed the synthetic skin in 1981. The synthetic layer protects the skin from bacteria and infection and keeps the moisture in, while the organic layer acts as a cornerstone on which new healthy skin cells can grow. -
SEPARATE CRANIOPAGUS TWINS
In 1987, – Ben Carson, lead a 70-member medical team in Germany and was the first to separate occipital craniopagus twins. he gained worldwide recognition as the principal surgeon in the 22-hour separation of the Binder Siamese twins from Germany. This was the first time occipital craniopagus twins had been separated with both surviving. -
VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS A
Hepatitis A is the mild form of acute infectious liver illness that regularly has no enduring results and dies down without a particular treatment. While most tainted individuals experience no or gentle indications, some turn out to be seriously sick for a few months. The hepatitis A vaccine history began with its advancement in 1995, which brought about a decrease in this present infection's event after a pinnacle number of cases in 1995. -
DOLLY THE SHEEP
Dolly the sheep was the world's first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell in 1996. Considered one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs ever, Dolly's birth and subsequent survival proved that adult cells can reprogram themselves into a new being. She mated and produced normal offspring in the normal way, showing that such cloned animals can reproduce. on 14 February 2003 dolly was euthanased at aged six and a half. -
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT COMPLETION
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 15-year-long global research venture with the objective of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA. It remains the world's biggest collaborative biological project. The undertaking formally propelled in 1990 and was pronounced finished on April 14, 2003 -
3D PRINTER USED FOR FIRST SKULL TRANSPLANT
A woman from the Netherlands has had the top section of her skull removed and replaced with a 3D printed implant. She suffered from a chronic bone disorder which increased the thickness of her skull from 1.5cm to 5cm. The 23-hour surgery was led by Dr. Bon Verweij and the skull was made specifically for the patient using an unspecified durable plastic. Such a large implant had never been accomplished before.
