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Physician Eminent Cairo and Ibn al-Nafis discover the flow of blood to and from the lungs.
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Michael Serveteus was a spanish physician and theologian. He stated that blood flowed from one side of the heart to the other and to the lungs, rather than through the wall between ventricles. His suggestion went against Galen's theory, therfore he was burned at the stake for the denial of trinity.
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An anatomist from Padua named Fabricius publishes his research "On the Valves in Veins". This publication featured the first drawing of veins valves.
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Physician William Harvey publishes "Anatomical treatise on the movement of the heart and blood in animals". In which he describes the circulation of the blood within the body and blood being pumped from the heart.
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Jan swammerdam was a 21-year-old microscopist. He is presumed to be the first person to describe and observe red bloods cells.
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Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi observes the capillary system, using a rudimentary microscope.
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Richard Lower does the first blood transfusion in animals that is to be recorded in history.
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Jean-Baptiste Denis transfuses nine ounces of a lambs blood into the vein of a teenage boy who suffered with a persistant fever.
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DRS. Richard Lower and Edmund King gie their patient Arthur Coga a transfusion of serveral ounces of sheeps blood. King recovers nicely.
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek provided a more specific description of red blood cells. He become so specific that he could determine the size of the red blood cells, which were, "25,000 times smaller than a fine graiin of sand."
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Anatomist William Hewson describes his observations on blood coagulation.
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Although his work is not published, Philip Syng physick is recognized in a medical journal for performing the first human-to-human blood transfusion.
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An observation done by Sir William Osler indicates that small cell fragments, soon to be called platelets, from the bone marrow make up the clots formed in the blood vessels.
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Karl Landsteiner publishes a paper on a discovery of the three main human blood works. Those blood groups being A, B, and C, later changing to O
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Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturil name a fourth blood group, AB.
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Dr. Ludvig Hektoen from Chicago suggests checking the blood from donors to prevent cross matching before transfusion.
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Albert Hustin and Luis Agote of Buenos Aires both discover that adding sodim citrate prevents blood clots.
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Dr. Hustin publishes his research on prevention for blood clotts after finding the solution.
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Dr.Richard Lewisohn uses optimum concentration of sodium citrate to be mixed with donor blood. This can prevent coagulation and is no danger to the patient recieving this blood.
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Dr.Oswald Robertson collects and store blood type O mixed with citrate-glucose solution in which he uses for casualties of the first world war.
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In the Sklifosovsky Institue at moscow, Dr.Serge Yudin tests the efficacy of transfusing humans with cadaver blood for the first time. After a young man tries to commit suicide by slashing his wrists, Dr.Yudin succesfully injects him with blood from a cadaver of a 60 year old man who dies after being hit by a bus!
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Federico Duran-Jorda, a physician, establishes the Barcelona Blood-Transfusion Service. This service collects blood and tests it and puts it in its own blood group based on its blood type. They were then bottled up and stored in refrigeration.
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The term "Blood Bank" is created by Dr.Bernard Fantus. He used this term to describe the donatio, collection, and preservation of blood in his facility in Chicago, IL.
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Drs.Philip Levine and R.e Stetson discover an unidentified anitbody in the blood of a stillborn baby's mother. They infered that a factor in the blood of the baby that was passed down from the father, triggered the antibody in the mother.
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Drs. Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener identify the antibody found with Drs. Levine and Stetson in 1939.
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Dr.Charles Drew learns to seperate and store blood plasma in which is then substituted for whole blood when casualties of WWII are in need
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The American navy red cross organizes a blood donor service. This service collected blood plasma for those in war.
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Dr.Carl W. Walter creates a plastic bag for a more portable and less fragile container to collect and store blood.
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Dr.Max Perutz is able to unravel the protien inside of red blood cells that carry oxygen which are called hemoglobin. This was possible through the use of x-ray crystallography.
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Dr.Judith from Stanford University discovers that thawed frozen plasma deposits high in Antihemophilic Factor. These deposits are called cryo and they have much greater clotting power to stop bleeding when, for example, badly cut.
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Dr.Baruch Blumberg discovers a substance on hepatitis B that triggers anitibodies. This discovery lead to being able to test blood donors for hepatitis B.
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GRID stands for gay-related immundeficiency disease. It was commonly found in gay men and was later reported as AIDS.
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Dr.Bruce Evatt noticed that hemophiliacs developed GRID, so he began to suspect that GRID could be blood borne.
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Dr.Robert Gallo announces the cause of AIDS virus. The name of the cause is HTLV III (human T-cell lymphotropic virus)
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The ELISA TEST is put into action after dozens of americans are infected by the AIDS virus due to blood transfusions.
