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Muhammad dies. Caliphi come into reign and try to teach his prophecy
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Abubakar takes over after Muhammad dies and continues arab unity. He was faced with the challenge of reasserting Islam and he was one of the early converts to Islam under Muhammad. Many tribes during this time tried to break away and there was political and economic revolt.
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Abubakar dies and Umar takes over. This time period was a new height for the Arabs.They established that muslim communites were not allowed to raid other muslim communities.
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Umar is stabbed to death in the mosque by a persian prisoner. This led to war and violence
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He was married to one of Muhammad's daughters and was weaker than the previous two leaders. Muslims underneath him gained new territory and he made many muslims feel presigious.
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Surrounding tribes and Arabs begin to get into conflict and this turns into Mutany. A group of soldiers assassinates him at the house of Medina
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Alli is the husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima. His reigh is during a 5 year civil war. This was during Fatmah, meaning a time of temptation.
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After Alli's short 5 year reign he was murdered. The next successor bought the position from Alli's son.
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During this dynasty the capital was in the city of Damascus. They felt it was a place that had easy military access but they relied on the townspeople to run things. Their court system caused much resentence and the Shiites felt that during this dynasty they were dishonoring Muhammad and everything he taught
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Discontented Muslims found a leader who captures Damascus. There was a banquet that all the Umayyad familt was invited to and he murdered them all. Abu a;-Abbas who founded and now were in charge of this dynasty created an influencial lasting dynasty. During this dynasty the capital was moved from Damascus to Baghdad and Persian tradititon begin to influence the Arabs
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A Seljuk sultan (authority) who controlled Baghdad left the Abbassid Caliph as a figurehead
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Pope Urban II called for the first crusade
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After a long bloody holy war, Christian crusaders caprutred Jerusalem
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The muslim general Salah al- Din drove Christians from Jerusalem and the Christians didn't get it back until after Saladins death in 1244
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Gengis Khan leads Mongols into Persia and Mesopotamia
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Hulagu, grandson of Gengis burned and looted Baghdad, killing the last Abbassid caliph. The mongols later adopted Islam
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The abbassid control over the empire fragmented. Independent dynasties under them ruled separate muslim states. As caliph power faded, civil wars erupted and the Shiite rulers took voer parts of the empire
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the Seljuk Turks migrated into the Middle East from Central Asia. They adopted Islam and built a huge empire across the fertile crescent.
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The city of Baghdad reached its peak under Huran. For centuries Huran was admired as a model ruler. He was a symbol of weather and splendor. He took control as an absolute monarch
