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The Romans started a republic. The empire lasted about 500 years. The Romans were based on government and law. They also liked innocent until proven guilty.
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In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer.
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The Greeks made nice contributions to science and math. The Greeks also made the study of geometry and made up the idea that everything is made up of atoms.
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Feudalism and the building of kingdoms in Spain and England
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The first of the Crusades began in 1095, when armies of Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II's plea to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land.
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Renaissance. a. The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. b. The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
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Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa.