Timeline Activity 3: Global Interaction Timeline Group Project; Global Interactions: Turning Points From 1500-2000
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This was a principality based in Moscow Russia that came to be during the Mongol reign. This is a turning point because this dynasty was able to rule and work nonstop for many years and their empire was pretty big. It stretched from eastern Europe to northern Asia then North America.
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(They are based in Instanbul from 1453, 1922) They conqured the former city of Constantinople and rules lands in the middle east, north africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe.
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The cossacks were the people of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. They are important because they led the conquest of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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With limited space to expand into Europe (west, and southwest) they expanded east towards Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.
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The Ming Empire had been strong for many years and they were able to do a lot during their reign. However, they later on encountered environmental, administrative, and finacial issues and when they were taken over had been weakened and had fallen.
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They ottomans fought with Venice from 1453 to 1502, Venice was Italy's most powerful city and ended up having to pay the Ottoman empire tribute.
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This is a turning point because it was able to help make Iran truly its own country. It was a major act that was intended to create a chasm between Iran and its Muslim neighbors Sunni.
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The ottomans fought a two century war with Venice ending in 1502
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After proclaiming himself Shah of Iran, Ismail developed the Safavid Empire. With the decisions he made, several upsets with other empires occurred carrying through many years.
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Polticical -This made a lasting impact because Ismail had won in a struggle with the large and powerful Ottoman Empire and then began to spread Shi'ite Islam under his rule.
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Iranian kingdom established by Ismail Safavi and it was important because he declared Iran a Shi'ite state.
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After the year 1500, financial, environmental, and administrative problems weakened the Ming Empire, and it fell to the Manchus.
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The Ottomans won this battle against the Safavid gaining control of eastern Anatolia. This caused a long chain of wars between rival Muslim powers for territory.
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Political- This made a lasting effect on the world because it made the Red Sea the Ottomans southern frontier.
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China had very good relations with Europeans and exchanged information and trading goods.
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Piri Reis presented the first world map of the Selim I, ruler of the Ottoman empire and was known as an explorer.
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He was able to make his time with the Ottoman Empire its golden age of greatness. They were able to make their imperial system perfect and conquer different areas as well.
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Suleiman led the most unstoppable assaults towards Europe, and took over Belgrade.
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He expelled the knights of the hospital of St, John from the island of Rhodes
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His rule led to the long-lasting Persian rug industry on a national scale.
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Babur was the founder of the Mughal empire, was Muslim, and led the empire to dominate over most of India.
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After his death, Akbar gained power in ruling the Mughal Empire. This was very important because he turned out to be the greatest ruler of this empire. He advanced the Mughal empire greatly.
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Hungary divided into Ottoman and Habsburg spheres of influence, as well as a semi-independent Ottoman vassal state of Transylvania.
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The Mughal Empire was a Muslim state exercising domination over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries before political fragmentation caused it to decline.
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When historians looked back on this siege they realized that this was the period when the imperial system worked to perfection because of Suleiman.
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Also known as "the Terrible" and pushed Muscovy's conquests south and east at other's expenses.
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Japan comes into contact with the Portuguese, and welcomed traders beyond borders, though did not send very many exports out
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Ivan IV becomes a tsar which was what Russia called their ruler.
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Akbar was one of the most well known and respected Sultans in India, he drastically expanded the empire and pursueda policy of conciliation with Hindus.
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Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India. He was important because he expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.
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This is important because trading relations were formed between the Portuguese and Macao, benefiting each other.
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Ottomans focused more on land expansion than sea exploration. In 1565 a major expedition against Malta in the western Mediterranean failed.
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Selim II was the son of Sulieman the magnificent and ruled after his death.
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Ivan the terrible defended against the ottoman attack .
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It was a massive naval victory and they were able to fix all of their damages in a years time.
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Ivan IV pushed Muscovy's conquests south and east at the expense of the Tatar Khanates of the Kazan and the Astrakhan.
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Political/social- This is important because the leader changed from Ismail to Abbas the great and his city Isfahan differed greatly from the Ottoman city of Istanbul. The Safavid Empire peaked at this time because of it's trade of silks.
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Shah Abbas I was the fifth and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran. Abbas moved the royal capital to Isfahan in 1598.
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Due to the Little Ice Age, there were revolts that devastated Anatolia.
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Japan invades Korea, and wants to invade them because of their imperialistic views as a country
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Hideyoshi was able to not only help unify Japan, but also help them gain more power in society.
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Japanese warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi was able to unite two fighting domains under his rule. Having done this he also invaded Korea as the first step in his attempt to conquer China. This gave him a status throughout the nations. ( Political )
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This is important because after 1593, the Chinese and Japanese were at peace with each other.
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China had negotiated a peace with Japan, however, a Chinese warrior named Hideyoshi did not agree with the peace that they made a decided to invade again.
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This is important because his forces invaded again, deploying brutal punitive measures as they invaded through the Korean peninsula. There was no longer peace.
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Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598.
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This led to the army becoming better and stronger, allowing them to eventually beat the Ottoman Empire in battle.
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Russia's only seaport is at Arkangelsk which is in the arctic circle, otherwise Russia is landlocked.
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(early 17th century) This time coincided with the little ice age, which declined agricultural productivity and when the Ottoman empire was going through internal disorder. Swedish and Polish forces briefly occupied Moscow.
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This event became important because under Ricci's leadership, Jesuits adapted Catholicism to Chinese cultural traditions while introducing the Chinese to the latest science and technology from Europe.
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The creation of Tokugawa Shogunate started trade along the well-maintained road between Edo and the imperial capital of Kyoto, promoting the development of the Japanese economy and the formation of other trading centers.
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This was a turning point because it was able to have a big and positive impact on Japan's economy and the formation of trading centers.
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He asserted his domination over the other daimyo and in 1630 established a new military regime called the Tokugawa Shogunate. They ( The shoguns ) also created a new admin. capital at Edo.
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After suffering from the worst rebellions and a loss of agricultural production, the revolts ended and it was able to help them greatly.
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Mikhail becomes a Tsar and rules Russias territory
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Batavia Fort established around 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East Inda Company operations in Indonesia.
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The Later Jin invasion of Joseon occurred in early 1627 when the Later Jin prince Amin lead an invasion of Korea's Joseon kingdom. The war ended after three months with the Later Jin establishing itself as sovereign tributary overlord over Joseon.
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His death lead to the decline and mismanagement of the silk monopoly and he was remembered as the most renowned rulers of the Safavid Empire.
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After a period of rule, Shah Abbah died in 1629, which created problems for the Safavid empire.
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To keep Christianity from resurfacing, a series of decrees issued between 1633 and 1639 sharply curtailed trade with Europe. Europeans who entered the country illegally faced the death penalty, and Japanese subjects were required to produce certificates from Buddhist temples attesting to their religious orthodoxy and loyalty to the regime.
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This is important because Japan did not want Christianity reoccurring so Europeans who entered the country illegally faced the death penalty, and Japanese subject were required to produce certificates from Buddhist temples attesting to their religious orthodoxy and loyalty to the regime.
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The Qing invasion of Joseon occurred in the winter of 1636 when the newly established Manchu Qing dynasty invaded Korea's Joseon kingdom, establishing its status as the center of the Imperial Chinese tributary system and formally severing Joseon's relationship with the Ming dynasty. The invasion was preceded by the Later Jin invasion of Joseon in 1627.
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Following the trend, the Safavids face another defeated effecting the strength of their empire also leading to their fall.
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Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641.
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The Qing Empire was established in China by Manchus and this is important because he overthrew the Ming Empire in 1644.
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After the conquest of Beijing the Quig empire began to develop Chinese institutions and policies.
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This transformed peasants into serfs by eliminating the period when they could change masters and ordering runaways to return to their masters
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The height of the Oman Arab state was a turning point in history because is was a main port and was able to succeed Portugal as a power in the western area of the Indian Ocean. This just shows how strong it was because Portugal was such a powerful country.
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This was important because the policy did not last and led the empire to fall, his additions in the south were not well integrated leading to regional powers coming to reign. He weakened the empire.
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Kangxi was a Qing emperor and he was important because he oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire.
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He was able to help bring economic, military, and cultural achievement in China. He repaired roads and waterway, lowered taxes, cut interest rates and rent, and help areas effected by the peasant rebellions prosper again.
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Stenka Razin pillaged a rich convoy of governement and merchant Barges on the Volga river
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Razin tried to conquer volga but was stopped and excecuted by Razin forces
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Ottoman Empire fails a second siege in Vienna and it becomes clear that they are losing power.
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The Ottoman wars in Europe were a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states
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This river valley was a contested frontier between northern China and eastern Russia until the settlement arranged in the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
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For many years the Amur River was a contested area that was in-between northern China and eastern Russia. However, they came to an agreement and a solution to this fighting with the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
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The Quig and Russian empires both wanted control of northern Asia's Pacific coast. The Treaty of Nerchinsk was able to fix the border along the Amur River. This was able to help regulate trade across it. This area was thinly settled, but was important and was able to last a long time.
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Peter the Great was a Russian tsar. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
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The Quig rulers feared an alliance between Galdan's Mongol state and Russia. Therefore, they decided to settle the Mongolian frontier. Kangxi led troops in the great campaign that defeated Galdan and was able to bring inner Mongolia under Quig control.
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In the winter of 1697-1698, after his Black Sea campaign, Peter traveled in disguise across Europe to discover how western European societies were becoming so powerful and wealthy.
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Similar to the Ming Empire, the Qing Empire had a strict trading policy with Europe was very strict. This policy did not sit well with Europe because they believed there would be a massive trade deficit. The British traders moved eastward and displaced the Dutch. China loss their trade business with Britain.
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This was able to help transform Japan from a military to a civil society by expressing its ideological and social mistakes.
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A young lord was sentenced to commit seppuku, and the 47 ronin tried to avenge their fallen master by killing the senior minister.
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Akbar had three successors to him, the last of which died in the year 1707.
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Peter the Great was the person who declared St. Petersburg as the new capital of Russia. In order to demonstrate the new sophistication that Russia now had, Peter ordered architects to build St. Petersburg's houses and public buildings in the baroque style that was popular in France.
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This was the last few years of the Ottoman Empires reign. During this time period European customs became popular in Istanbul. This is a turning point because it was an important mix of cultures.
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By 1722 the Safavid empire was already falling due to inside issues such as inflation, mismanagement of trade, and uncontrolled taxes, but what really ended the empire were nomadic groups of Afgans that captured Isfahan and ended the empire.
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This resembles the loss of the empire. Due to this, the Russian and Ottoman empires took over the territory.
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Nizam al-Mulk was the sultan's vizier that gave up on the central government. When he did this he established his own independent state. This is a turning point because after he did this others decided to follow in his footsteps. The others who did this were known as nawabs.
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This conquest was a turning point in history because normal people who lived outside of farming villages were able to lead the conquest of Siberia. They were able to preserve their political autonomy and helped defend Russia.
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The Janissaries maintained and were able to help stabilize the government and economy. When they decided to revolt the Ottoman Empire wanted to keep their traditions and as much money as they could. As a result the Ottomans began a period of conservatism.
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Emperor Qianlong rules begins his rule of China, lasting until 1796
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Nadir Shah was one of the most powerful rulers of Iran ever. He eventrally captured parts of the Mughal Empire.
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He became one of the rulers of the Quig Empire and was able to help rule over China.
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Nadir attacks the Mughal Empire at the capital of Delhi and takes it over, weakening the empire.
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Joseph François Dupliex became the president of France and began a new phase of European involvement in India. He accomplished many things during his rule.
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These ships brought gifts and items to trade with, establishing a small trading system
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This was when the British Empire tried to make diplomatic relations with the Quig Empire, but their attempt was unsuccessful.
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The end of the rule ofCatherine the Great in russia.
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The janissaries were abolished in 1826
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The Ottoman Empire finally falls in 1902 after centuries of rule.
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