-
European exploration during this time is extremely significant because it laid the foundation of modern countries in the New World, West Africa, and the Pacific.
-
The Italian Renaissance had little effect on Northern Europe. However, ideas began to spread, leading to a Renaissance period in northern Europe and ending after Thirty Years’ War
-
- An Italian Renaissance polymath
- Renaissance men
- He is knows for his artistic abilities
- Famous work: Mona Lisa In 1503, he worked on the famous painting in the world
- Credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter, and tank
-
It was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453.
-
He was a humanist writer who supported religious toleration and wrote satire on political, social and religious institutions.
-
He was the writer of The Prince. In his book, he states his ideal of how a prince should act and rule. He mentioned that he prefer one ruler for Italy and supports for standing army.
-
He was a spanish conquistador who led an expedition which had conquered the Inca Empire. He was cruel to Atahualpa, Incan King.
-
He is one of the most significant figures and the seminal figure in the Protestant reformation. He opposed Roman catholic church’s teaching and practices and wrote 95 theses to attack the sale of indulgences.
-
Vast exchange of goods, culture, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the New World, caused by the Commercial Revolution.
-
It was an agreement between Portugal and Spain on the conflict of the newly discovered lands by Columbus and other late voyagers.
-
It was a period of time of hunting witches in small towns which caused a big disaster. Innocent People were being accused of witchcraft. Both protestants and catholics tried and execute witches.
-
Henry VIII of England separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and established himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. He used parliament to end the authority of the pope.
-
It was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Reformation was caused by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant
-
He posts his 95 thesis on a church door, arguing that indulgences are morally wrong.
-
He was a roman emperor (Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella/ Maximilian I and Mary the Burgundy) who ruled Spain in 1519 to 1556, wanted a unified catholic Europe.
-
It started because the peasants were inspired by Martin Luther's statement but later tried but failed to revolt.
-
1553 -1558:
She is a catholic ruler, known as"Bloody Mary", who was disliked in the public view because of her Catholic faith that caused her to execute protestants. -
The growth of science which many studied great deal of astronomy, biology, and other fields of science
-
1545 - 1563
The council of trent provided the main impulsion of the counter reformation in Europe. Catholic attempt to stop the Protestant religion and to reform the Catholic church. -
It was a period of fighting in France between Catholics and protestants (huguenots) which resulted in the Edict of Nantes.
-
He was an English poet who wrote many plays and sonnet .
-
His reign was important because it was the first time England and Scotland had the same monarch
-
It was the revolts of the protestant Dutch against the Catholic Spain ending in Dutch separation from Spain.
-
It was a period in which dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world.
-
He was a Politique who changed his religion and alter policies numerous times in order to keep good control of his citizens.
-
He was one of the first absolute monarchs: removed rights of Huguenots, and was involved in the Thirty Years' War against the Hapsburg.
-
1618 - 1648
The War that ended the Reformation with the Treaty of Westphalia. It had 4 stages and was between Catholics and Protestants. -
He was monarch of three kingdoms: England, Scotland and Ireland. Was executed in 1649.
-
Enlightened thinker who urged that the role of government is to protect the people from themselves. Used idea of Natural Rights, or rights that everyone should be granted, an idea embraced by the French Revolution.
-
1642 - 1651
Civil war in England which ended with the execution of King Charles, and the establishment of the Commonwealth by Oliver Cromwell. -
1643 - 1715
He centralized French government by building and maintaining nobles in Versailles, had successful wars and revoked the Edict of Nantes.
