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1418
Henry, king of Portugal, founded the Navigation school
He opened the first school for oceanic navigation, where students could learn about map-making, scientific practices, astrology, and more skills that would aid them in their journey down the west coast of Africa. -
1436
The invention of Gutenberg’s printing press
Around 1436, in england, the printing press was considered a history-changing invention, making books widely accessible and ushering in an “information revolution.” -
Jun 7, 1494
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas
The governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided their spheres of influence in the "New World" of the Americas. -
1512
Cortes conquers Aztec Empire
Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador, who is best remembered for conquering the Aztec Empire in 1521 and claiming Mexico for Spain. -
1513
Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
He went to Florida, He landed somewhere along Florida's east coast, then charted the Atlantic coast down to the Florida Keys and north along the Gulf coast -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther begins the Reformation in Wittenberg
He published a document he called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences, or 95 Theses. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses
Martin Luther posted theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. -
Jan 3, 1521
Pope excommunicated Luther
Pope Leo X issues the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, which excommunicates Martin Luther from the Catholic Church. -
1532
Pizarro conquers Inca Empire
Francisco Pizarro's band of conquistadors are crossing the Andes to conquer the Inca Empire. -
1534
Ignatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (
the Jesuit movement was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in August 1534. -
1534
Parliament approves the formation of the English Church
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
1536
English king, Henry VIII starts the Church of England
Henry had broken with Rome, seized assets of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. -
1536
John Calvin publishes the Institutes of the Christian Religion
First published in Latin in 1536 and in Calvin's native French in 1541, John Calvin's “Institutes of the Christian Religion” is considered a defining book of the Reformation and a pillar of Protestant theology -
May 23, 1537
Pope Paul III begins the Council of Trent
The council was ordered by the Emperor and Pope Paul III to convene in Mantua on 23 May 1537. -
1540
Coronado discovers Arizona, Texas, Kansas and New Mexico
He was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a major expedition from what is now Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States. -
1545
Council of Trento mandates reforms in Catholic Church
Held in three parts, ain it starts in 1545, was a meeting of Catholic clerics convened by Pope Paul III in response to the Protestant Reformation. -
1553
Henry VIII seeks to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Henry sought to seek an annulment from his first wife Catherine, who was now in her 40s and past the age of bearing children, so that he could marry Anne. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg recognizes the Lutheran Church
First permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany -
Louis XVI calls the Estates General
Louis XVI called an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes on 5th -
Storming of the Bastille
It was a mob of angry French citizens and rebellious soldiers attacked the Bastille -
Tennis Court Oath
the National Assembly swore not to stop meeting until France had a constitution -
Louis XVI amd Marie Antoinette captured at Varennes
The king and his family were eventually arrested in the town of Varennes, 31 miles from their ultimate destination. -
Execution of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was brought to trail for treason and executed by guillotine -
Coup d´etat of Brumaire
The conspirators industriously promulgated the rumour that there was a Jacobin plot to bring down the government. -
Napoleon crowned as emperor
Napoleon crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I at Notre Dame de Paris. -
Victory of Austerlitz
Was the first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon's most significant victories -
Beginning of the Spanish War of Independence
It started with Napoleon dominating Europe in battle, Carlos IV and his valildo decided that they should ally with France and Napoleon rather than fight against them. -
Battle of Bailen
fought between the Spanish Army of Andalusia and the Imperial French Army's -
Battle of the Nations
The unified armed forces of Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden prevailed in a decisive victory over Napoleon and his allies on German soil. -
Exile of Napoleon in Elba
Elba meant exile for Napoleon, but it was no prison. -
The Battle of Waterloo
was fought between Napoleon's French Army and a coalition led by the Duke of Wellington -
Napoleon´s death at St. Helena
Napoleon died on St. Helena on 5 May 1821 at the age of 51.