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Period: to
Napoleonic Wars
The French empire, led by Napoleon, attacked a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, primarily led and financed by the United Kingdom. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna meets to restore stability in Europe
A meeting where European ambassadors -
Italy unifies
The Start of the Italian unification, which combined different states of the Italian peninsula into single state of the Kingdom of Italy. -
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
Napoleon was defeated by two armies of the seventh coalition. -
Period: to
Greek War of Independence
A war that Greek fought against the Ottoman Empire for independence. -
Liverpool-Manchester Railroad opens
the first railway that was fully powered by steam engine. -
Queen Victoria begins her reign in Britain
When Queen Victoria was crowned at 18. -
Period: to
Potato Famine in Ireland begins
A time of starvation and disease for Ireland. -
Revolutions of 1848
a sires of political upheavals in European countries. -
Revolutions of 1848
A series of political upheavals in Europe in 1848. -
Marx & Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
A book describing communism and why capitalism is hurting working class -
Period: to
Crimean War
A war were Russia was against France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. -
Britain begins rule of India
When Britain started rule in India. -
Bessemer Process is invented
the first inexpensive way to mass produce steel -
Charles Darwin publishes the Origins of Species
when Darwin wrote the Origins of Species, which is considered to be the founder of evolutionary biology. -
Czar Alexander II frees the Serfs
Alexander II freed the serfs to be able to buy land. -
Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. -
Dynamite invented
it was invented by Alfred Nobel. -
Britain grants Canada self-rule
When Canada was no longer ruled by Britain. -
French-built Suez Canal opens in Egypt
an artificial sea-level water way in Egypt. -
Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
A war between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation. -
Germany unifies
The Unification of separate German states. -
Czar Alexander II assassinated
He was assassinated because he was fighting against reform to keep power. -
European nations carve up Africa at the Berlin Conference
European countries divided up Africa for them to colonize. -
Dreyfus convicted of Treason
Dreyfus was sentenced to life in prison for sharing military secrets to the Germans.