Humanities 201

Pilgrimage of Ibn Jubayr

Jan 1, 1185

Spanish muslim who traveled to Mecca. His travels illistrate the beginning of the melding of economies and cultures in the Atlantic world as depicted by his influence on the gold market.

Mongols invade Syria

Jan 1, 1260

Cuts sugar off from Europeans who then must go to Mediterranean islands for sugar. Depicts the first demands for slaves, in this example, natives of the islands.

Fall of Jerusalem

Oct 1, 1291

Fall of last Crusader state. Change in focus on relious wars with muslims to the spread of colonies and imperialism.

Pilgrimage of Mansu Musa

Oct 1, 1324

shows power of African kingdoms, particullarly the Mali. This illistrates that the Europeans did not in fact "civilize" Africans as was thought for many years. The African's already had economies, trade systems, and family structures in place.

Mexica build Tenochtitlan

Oct 1, 1325

shows power of Mexica empire. The empire was mighty before Cortez reached the Americas. This shows the tearing down of another already mighty empire by Europeans. This marks one of the first major conquests in the Americas.

Bubonic Plague

Period: Oct 1, 1348 to Oct 1, 1400

killed half the population of Europe

Gil Eanes

Jan 1, 1434

departed Lisbon, Portugal for the northwest coast of Africa. Helped to discover trade routes around Africa and to advance (inadvertently?) the slave trade.

Beginning of Atlantic Slave Trade

Oct 1, 1434

Portugese settle Azores

Oct 1, 1439

Constantinople captured by Mehmed II

Oct 1, 1453

Shows the power of the Ottoman Empire. A power often downplayed in European and American minds.

United Spain

Jan 1, 1479

Isabella and Ferdinand marry, making Spain a superpower. Which allows them to support many explorers to the new world.

Christopher Columbus

Jan 1, 1492

met the Taino in the Carribean

Columbus voyages

Period: Oct 1, 1492 to Oct 1, 1504

Spanish path through Caribbean

Conquest of Cuba

Period: Oct 1, 1511 to Oct 1, 1514

Martin Luther 95 Theses

Oct 31, 1517

95 These nailed to door in Wittenberg. Protestant Reformation brings about religious and political turmoil which changes thoughts in Europe.

Hispaniola and Small Pox

Oct 1, 1518

first recorded small pox outbreak in natives

Hernando Cortez

Jan 1, 1519

meets the Aztecs and conquers them

Golden age of Catholic church in Americas

Period: Oct 1, 1520 to Oct 1, 1570

Edict of Worms

Oct 1, 1521

Luther is suppose to appologize but instead burns things as he always does

American focus

Period: Oct 1, 1524 to Oct 1, 1572

109 books published about the Americas

Henry VIII head of church of England

Oct 1, 1534

as declared by Parliament

Jesuit Order Founded

Oct 1, 1537

new religious order in Catholic church

Birth of Sir Walter Ralegh

Oct 1, 1554

First Istanbul coffee house

Dec 16, 1555

(Rung Lecture) first coffee house from Arabs. Men only, seen as a place to discuss ideas apart from the church, which lead to protests (Muslims in this area) who saw the coffee house as a place to cause mischief.

Philip acceded the Spanish throne

Oct 1, 1556

Queen Elizabeth assumes English throne

Oct 1, 1558

Catholic Irish Rebellion

Oct 1, 1565

Mediterranean Naval battle

Oct 1, 1571

Spanish stop Ottoman expansion

St. Bartholomews Day

Aug 1, 1572

France, massacre of Hugenots

Annexation of Portugal by Philip II

Oct 1, 1580

Ralegh in Guiana

Oct 1, 1595

first time a courtly man had made the trip to the New World

Ralegh beheaded for treason

Oct 1, 1618

New Atlantis

Dec 17, 1624

written by Francis Bacon that depicts the mechanistic view of society becoming popular at this time. Mechanism degraded the role of women by taking the life out of nature.

Sugar, Coffee, and Tobacco

Dec 16, 1650

Around 1650 there was a growing demand for coffee, sugar and tobacco in Europe, all products they had to import. This can be seen since the opening of the first London coffee house in 1652. With these demands came demands for slaves in the America's. The Europeans greed for these products propogated the increase in population and popularity of the slave trade. Sugar plantations needed many slaves to work and Europeans supplied millions of slaves over the next 200 years for this work, until 1888.

Barbados Slave Act of 1661

Dec 16, 1661

This was the first code set up to determine how slaves would be treated. Many more followed (Code Noir, Ordanacoes Filipinas). These showed some restraint toward the harsh punishments toward slaves and demonstrate the protests some Europeans expressed against slavery at the time.

Enlightenment

Period: Dec 17, 1700 to Dec 17, 1799

a series of interlocking and sometimes warring problems and debates about the origins and technologies of power, rationality, universal truth, morality and tolerance that unfolded differently in different contexts throughout the eighteenth century. There debates resulted in the consolidation of a range of positions on these topics, from entirely secular to entirely religious. They also involved articulating visions of social reform and improvement through new communities, new projects (Whitmer)

Great Awakening

Dec 16, 1730

A religious movement that re inspired Christianity in the America's. It had implications for the natives as well. With the conversion of more natives came greater literacy of natives and the ability to participate in the "legal culture" of the colonies.

New York Slave Revolt

Dec 16, 1741

This is an example of the many revolts taking place at the time. The revolts were small and accomplished little. They were not as large as revolts to come later and did not further the cause of independence, though they tried.

French officially begin 7 years war (French and Indian War)

May 1, 1756

This war lead to the removal of French colonists from the 13 colonies and most of North America. It also created massive debt, payed for my taxpayers in Britain. During this war Cuba was taken into British control as well.

Peace of Paris

Nov 3, 1762

A treaty organized by Spain, England and France. The treaty was meant to bring peace from the 7 years war, but instead stirred up new controversies with the Indians and Colonists. Natives wanted seperation from the colonies and Colonists wanted the same respect granted other British.

Sugar Act

Dec 16, 1764

The Sugar Act made colonists think about the foreign government taxing them and wether they had the right to tax colonists. Many stood against such taxes which lead to protest in the colonies. The Stamp Act and Tea furthered this disent, leading to protests such as the Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre.

Intolerable Acts

Dec 16, 1774

Included Quartering, Justice Act, and Boston Port Act. These punishments lead many colonists to question the power of the king to take away their rights. It also lead to the 1st and 2nd Continental Congresses and the American Revolutionary War.

Common Sense

Jan 16, 1776

published by Thomas Paine. This pamhplet expressed the concerns of the colonists against the king and also helped garner support from colonists who were not sure about the conflict. This increased support for the war by expressing the ideals, such as liberty over suppression, that the colonists were fighting for.

Liberal Phase of the Revolution

Period: Dec 17, 1789 to Dec 17, 1792

French Revolution. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen,Abolished special privileges distinguishing commoners from nobility, Full citizenship for religious minorities, Distinction between active and passive citizens, Restrictions on who can serve in legislatures

Radical Phase of Revolution

Period: Dec 17, 1792 to Dec 17, 1794

Reign of Terror, Anger at the disenfranchisement of the so called passive citizens, Anger over high food prices, Election for a new legislative assembly, War (Moser)

Jefferson vs. Francis C. Gray Debate

Dec 16, 1815

This debate on the state of the nature and racist environment of negroes depicts the charge in racism that appeared in this time. When things such as "blood" and it's perccentages white or black are debated in order to subjugate negroes as inhumane.