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Period: to
The War of 1812
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President Madison Takes Office
-Britain and America aren't getting along
-American's honor was at stake
-Believed war with Britain would harm American trade
-Relation with Britain became worse
-Argued that the U.S. had to stay out of war -
War hawks Take Power
-War Hawks are people that favor war
-The War Hawks are the opposite of War Doves
-Henry Clay was one of the best War Hawk's
-The term "war hawk" was created by John Randolph
-Older members, president James Madison and Treasury Albert Gallatin tried defeating the War Hawks because they felt they were unprepared for war -
Relations with Great Britain Worsen
-Fighting with Native Americans made the U.S. and Britain's relation worsen
-British supplied Native Americans with guns
-Britain and U.S. disagree over trade
-U.S. stopped shipments with Britain
-Continued trade with France -
Congress Declares War on Britain
-President Madison gave into war
-House of Representatives voted 79 to 49
-The Senate voted 19 to 13
-Some people in America were happy to be at war with Britain
-Fired cannons and guns and danced in the street while others hated being at war -
America is not Ready for War
-Jefferson's spending cuts weakened the American Military
-The navy only had 16 war ships ready
-The army was small and only had fewer than 7,000 men
-The British set up the blockade
-The British blockade made it so nothing could come in or go out -
Britain Blockades American Ports
-British navy had 135 warships blockading American ports
-Small American navy wasn't able to break the blockade
-It cut off food, supplies, and people from coming
-British close off all American ports by war's end
-The blockade was set up the first days of the war -
Invasion of Canada
War hawks demanded an invasion of Canada
-American troops were led by General William Hull
-Hull retreated
-British commander was General Isaac Brock
-Brock's army made Hull's army surrender -
USS Constitution Scores a Victory
-Major sea battle was fought when the was stared
-USS Constitution defeated the British warship
-The Constitution was named "Old Ironsides" because of tradition
-British artillery fire bounced off the ships thick wooden hull
-Americans thought as if the ship were made of iron -
Battle of Lake Erie
-Nine vessels of the U.S. Navy defeated and captured 6 vessels from the British
-British seized control of Lake Erie
-British vessels were controlled by Provincial Marine
-The USS Adams wasn't ready for war
-British took the Adams when Detroit surrendered -
Battle of Thames
-Also known as Battle of Moravian town
-British wanted to maintain command of Lake Erie
-Commander and leaders for British were Henry Procter and Tecumseh
-Commander for the U.S. was William Henry Harrison
-The British lost about 632 because of deaths wounded and captured -
Horseshoe Bend
-Jackson and the Cherokees won the battle
-The Creek leader surrendered
-The fight ended and the Native Americans gave up more land
-The Creek leader said that the Cherokees could do as they please
-Cherokees destroyed the Creek nation -
Washington, D.C. Attacked and Burned
-British planned on attacking Washington D.C.
-British force marched into the city
-British set fire to the government buildings
-Presidents wife left with important papers
-Americans were shocked that their army couldn't defend Washington -
Attack on Baltimore
-Britain's first objective was Fort McHenry
-British warships attacked the fort
-Francis Scott Key watched the attack
-The American flag was still there
-Americans won the battle -
Writing of the Star Spangled Banner
-Scott Key wrote a poem and called it the "Star Spangled Banner"
-The poem was written on the back of an envelope
-It told the story about his nights watch
-The poem turned into a musical piece
-Congress made it the national anthem -
Hartford Convention
-New England Federalists gathered to talk about wars and political problems
-People in the convention wanted peace with Britain
-The Convention discussed on removing the three-fifths compromise
-Discussed grievances with the Louisiana Purchase
-The Convention was a secret meeting for Federalists only -
Treaty of Ghent
-Treaty said nothing about impressments or neutrality
-Americans think the war was a mistake
-Someone said that nothing was settled or changed after the treaty was signed
-Britain and the U.S. agreed to restore prewar conditions
-News of the treaty took several weeks to get to the U.S. -
Battle of New Orleans
-American forces were commanded by Andrew Jackson
-Andrew Jackson defeated a British Army
-British fleet led by Sir Alexander Cochrane with 8,000 or more soldiers and sailors
-333 people from the U.S. were killed, wounded, and missing during the battle
-2,459 people from Britain were killed, wounded, and missing
