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Period: to
The War of 1812
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President Madison Takes Office
.As President, he hoped to keep the United States out of war
.Tension with Britain was high when Madison took office
.British were arming Native Americans in the Northwest
.British continued impressment of US sailors
.Americans felt that Madison's approach was too timid -
War Hawks Take Power
.To most Americans, the contry's honor was at stake
.Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
.New Englanders wanted to restore trade with Britain
.War Hawks had a strong sense of nationalism
.War Hawks felt Britain treated us as a British colony -
Relations with Great Britain Worsen
.British told United States they would continue impressing sailors
.Native Americans in the Northwest began attacks on frontier settlements
.British supplied guns and ammunation to the Native Americans
.British encouraged Indians to attack US settlements
.US and Britain disagreed over trade -
Congress Declares War on Britain
.Felix Grundy made a speech why we should go to war
.Madison had Congress vote for war
.Many Americans were happy when they heard about the war
.New Englanders called the war "Mr. Madison's war"
.Took the British by surprise -
America is not ready for war
.British were locked in a struggle with Napoleon
.The navy only had 16 ships
.The army was small and ill equipped
.Officers knew little about the military
.Government relied on volunteers to fight the war -
Britain Blockades American Ports
.British stopped Americans from trading
.Small American navy was unable to break the blockade
.Several sea captains won stunning victories
.British continued boarding American ships for impressment
.A battle broke out in New York Harbor between a British ship and an American frigate -
Invasion of Canada
.Planned to invade at three points:Detroit, the Niagra River, and Montreal
.Canadiens had only a few untrained troops
.Led by a clever and skilled British leader,General Isaac Brock
.Brock paraded his soldiers in red coats
.Canadiens fought feircly and forced Americans into retreat -
USS Constitution Scores a Victory
.Constitution captain was Isaac Hull
.British ship was called Guerriere
.British had to surrender
.Constitution had a thick wooden hull that was hard to penetrate
.Sea victories did little to win the war -
Battle of Lake Erie
.Captain Oliver Hazard Perry had to build his own ships
.Perry had to take his flag down and row to another ship
.Perry raised the colors again and continued to fight
.The Americans won the battle
.Perry wrote his message of victory on the back of an envelope -
Battle of Thames
.British and Tecumsah had to retreat from Detroit back to Canada
.General William Henry Harrison pursued them
.Battle of Thames was a decisive victory for America
.Tecumsah died in the fighting
.The Indian confederation soon fell apart -
Horseshoe Bend
.Tecumsah's allies in the South continued fighting settlers
.Andrew Jackson took command of troops in the Creek War
.Jackson had a chrushing victory with the help of the Cherokees
.Leader of the Creeke had to surrender
.Again Native Americans had to give up land to whites -
Washington,D.C. Attacked and Burned
.Britain defeated France which allowed them more troops
.Battle-hardened British scatterd the untrained Americans
.British troops marched into the capital
.British burned the White House
.British then marched toward the city of Baltimore -
Attack on Baltimore
.The key to Baltimore's defense was Fort McHenry
.British bombarded Fort Mc Henry for 25 hours
.British fired rockets and mortars at the fort
.Little damage was done on either side
.British ceased attack from ammunation loss -
Writing of the Star Spangled Banner
.Francis Scott Key composed the poem
.Witnessed bombardment from a nearby truce ship
.Mary Pickersgill made a flag in anticipation of the British attack
.Originally called "The defense of Fort McHenry
."The Star-Spangled Banner" became the national anthem -
Hartford Convention
.Series of meetings from December 15,1814-January 5,1815
.New England Fedearalists discussed their grievances against the war
.Convention discussed removing the three-fifths compromise
.Also discussed grievances against Louisiana Purchase and Embargo of 1807
.Victory of New Orleans eliminated them as a major national political force -
Treaty of Ghent
.Peace treaty that ended the War of 1812
.Traety restored relations between the two nations
.Ratified by Parliament on December 30,1814
.Signed into law by the Prince Regent
.Ratified by the US Senate on February 18,1815 -
Battle of New Orleans
.Final major battle of the war
.It happened in New Orleans
.The Americans won
.Britain wanted to take New Orleans
The British withdrawled their attack
