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President Madison Takes Office.
- Americans were angry at Britian for arming Native Americans in the Northwest. -He had helped to pass the Bill of Rights.
- They argued that the United States must stand up to Native Americans and other countries.
- The United States went to war with several Native American nations.
- They were going to start a cost for war.
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War Hawks take power.
-Congress from the South and West called for war with Britian.
- The War Hawks felt like Britian was treating the United States as if it was still their colony.
- They were willing to fight a war to defend American rights.
- There were many merchants that wanted to restore trade with Britian.
- War Hawks had a strong sense of Nationalism. -
Growing Conflict With Britian.
-The fighting with the Native Americans caused Britian and the U.S. to have conflicts.
-The British were supplying guns to the Native Americans.
- They were encouraging the Indians to attack the United States.
- When the embargo against Britian was going on France was set to expire in 1810.
- The United States would halt trade with the other nations. -
Congress declares war.
- To prevent Americans from trading with France, British warships blockaded some American ports.
- May 11, near New York Harbor a battle happened between an American frigate and a British warship.
- Americans crippled the British ship and 32 British were killed or hurt.
- Felix Grundy gave a very emotional speech.
- President Madison at last gave into the war fever.
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Unready for war.
- They were locked into a bitter struggle with Napoleon, couldn't spare troops to fight the United States.
- Jefferson believed in a small federal government.
- The Navy only had sixteen ships to fight against the huge British fleet. -Congress voted to give them $124 and 360 acres of land for their services.
- They were poorly trained, and didn't know how to be good soldiers.
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Britian Blockades American Ports.
- They blockaded the Americans so they would stop trading with other countries.
- The American Navy were unable to break the blockade.
- Several sea captains still won victories.
- The first day of war, British set up a blockade on the American coast.
- The British Navy had 135 warships blockading American ports.
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Invasion of Canada.
- American troops invaded Canada from Detroit.
- The British captured more than 2,000 American soldiers, it was a serious defeat.
- A three hour battle took place at Put-In-Bay at the western part of the lake in 1813.
- With Americans in control of the lake, the British were forced to leave, Detroit retreated back to Canada.
- War Hawks expected Canadians to welcome the chance to throw off British rule.
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U.S.S Constitution Scores.
- A famous battle took place in the war in August of 1812.
- Isaac Hull, spotted the British ship.
- For an hour, the two ships jockeyed for position.
- The USS Constitution defeated the British warship.
- To the Americans, it seemed that the Constitution was made of iron.
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Horsehoe Bend.
- Andrew Jackson took command of American troops in the Creek War.
- With the help of the Cherokee, Jackson won a crushing victory.
- The leader of the Creeks alone went into Jacksons camp to surrender. -Before Europe explored & settled, there were 2 million Americans living there.
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Battle of Lake Erie
- Captain Oliver Hazard Perry, doesnt have a fleet so he built his own and sailed against the British.
- The Americans won the battle.
- The British battered Perry's ship and left it.
- Perry found an American ship and put his colors on it.
- Perry wrote a message saying " We have met the enemy and they are ours."
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Battle of Thames.
- The Americans won a decisive victory at the Battle of Thames.
- The Tecumseh allies from the south, continued their fight against the settlers.
- Battle of Thames was also called the Battle of Moraviantown.
- Procter had about 800 soldiers with about 500 American Indians led by Tecumseh.
- The War of 1812 took place in Chatham Ontairo, in Canada.
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Washington D.C got attacked by British.
- Americans met the British at the Bladensburg, Maryland.
- Dolly Madison got her papers and went south.
- The British burned the White House and other buildings.
- British rockets bombarded the harbor from September 13-14.
- Later, the Star-Spangled-Banner became became the anthom of the U.S.
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Attack on Baltimore.
- The British set fire on the government buildings and The White House because they wanted backfire.
- The poem that Francis Key wrote was about the night that the attack happened.
- The British force marched into the city.
- The Americans were shocked that they couldnt defend Washington.
- The British's idea was to attack the nations capital.
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Star Spangled Banner.
- Until dawn, September 12 & 14th the British rockets bombarded the harbor.
- The stripes and stars of the American stars waved over Fort McHenry.
- Francis Scott Key wrote a poem about the bombardment. -Later on, the Star Spangled Banner was adopted to the nation.
- British are gonna withdrew.
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Hartford Convention.
- The Hartford Convention threatened to leave the Union if the war continued. -The British blockade had hurt New England sea trade.
- If new states were carved out of these lands the south & the west would become more influential than England.
- The Federalists disliked Republican President and the war.
- New England thought that the U.S. are gonna win land in Canada and Florida.
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Treaty of Ghent.
- The Treaty of Ghent was signed in the city of Ghent, Belgium.
- The Americans felt like the War of 1812 was a mistake.
- Now that there is one Republican leader, the people are more American.
- John Quincy Adams summed up the treaty as is " Nothing was adjusted, nothing was settled". -Britian and the U.S. agreed to restore prewar conditions.
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Battle of New Orleans.
- Jackson took pensacola in Spanish Florida to keep the British from using it as a base.
- Citizens of New Orleans joined the army to defend their city.
- On January 8, 1819 British attacked.
- More than 2,000 British fell under the deadly fire of American cannons.
- 7 Americans died, and Andrew Jackson became a national hero.
