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In 656 A.D. Uthman was assassinated and succeeded by a leader with a more readical view of the Islamic faith: Ali.
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The first Muslim civil war started because of Shia's and Sunni's division.
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In 661 A.D. Ali's assassination occured.
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In 661 A.D. Muʿāwiyah became the first Umayyad caliph.
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Damascus became the capital.
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The Umayyads rule the early Islamic Empire.
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The Muslim Empire expanded the most during this timespan.
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During those years, various Islamic attacks against Constantinople were stopped by the Roman Empire in the West.
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Hussein is assassinated at Karbala.
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After Abd al-Malik became caliph in 685 A.D.declared Arabic official language across Empire, so he solved language problems. Also, he used the coins he minted with quotes from the Qur'an to build new mosques and the Dome of Rock (one of the most important Muslim monument).
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After caliph Abd al-Malik made the empire to big rebeliions started happening, so the Umayyads Dynasty laster until the eleventh century.
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The Dome of the Rock was completed.
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Coins were standardized by appearance and weight, used across empire.
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In 711 A.D. Muslim armies crossed the Strait of Gilbratar to attack the Iberian Peninsula.
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In 711 A.D. the Muslim armies and berbers who lived along the northern coast who had recently began to believe in the Islamic faith conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
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During those seven years, Muslims fought to conquer Spain.
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In 717 A.D. another Islamic attack against Constantinople was stopped by the Romans in the West.
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Charles Martel (leader of the Franks) turned into France many Islamic raids during the Battle of Tours.
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Islam was overthrown by the Abbasid faction.
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After the Islamic Empire came across the Tang Dynasty, the Arabs won a great battle agaisnt the Chinses. However, their empire didn't expand much after that victory.
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Abd al Rahman’s became Cordoba capital.
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Baghdad becomes the capital of Abbasid.
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The Great Mosque of Cordoba beagn its contruction.
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Founder of the House of Wisdom reigns Al-Ma’mun,
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Abd al-Rahman II rule.
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Al Khwarizmi dies.
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The third caliph chosen was Abd al-Rahman III.
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It was published the Shahnameh (“Book Of Kings”)
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Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine was written in 1025 A.D.
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The Umayyad dynasty ended.
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Baghdad is controled by Seljuq Turks.
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The four major Crusades happened.
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The first time A Thousand and One Nights was compiled.
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Ibn Rushd, Averroes' life.
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Saladin conquers Jerusalem again. .
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Maimonides dies.
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The ivasion of the Mongols destroys Baghdad, and ended the Abbasid-Seljuq dynasty.
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The Alhambra Palace in Granada was completed.
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Muslims ended their rule over Spain.
