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Muhummad Is born
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Muhummad has his first revelation. He had been in a cave when he was visited by an overpowering presence which told him to tell words so beautiful, he declared the presence "god" or "allah"
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Muhummad left Mecca for Medina to escape threats by Umayyad and because he was asked to be medina's mediator.
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Muhummad dies
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Abu Bakr 1st caliph, and Muhummad's closest companion
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After exhausting all their resourses against the Byzantine Empire, the Persians were easily taken over by the muslims. This officially happened during Umar's caliphate
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Umar, 2nd caliph, Most notable feature of his caliphate was expansion. He would walk the streets looking for those who needed help.
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Uthman-3rd, responsible for the mass production and spread of the Quran
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1st caliph Abu Kabr, complies all the scribbled verses recited by muhummad himself and puts them into one book
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Ali, caliph, last of the "Rightly Guided". After Ali, The caliphate became blood-line of one king after another
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When Muhummad died, the people had to choose between sticking to his ways, and following his successor. Those who chose to continue following muhummad were/are the Sunnis. THose who didnt, were the Shia'a.
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The Umayyads saw great expansion and were responsible for building highly efficient government structure.But rivaled by abbasid, they eventually lost to them.
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The moors, a nomadic people from north Africa, would invade Spain in 711 bringing with them their Islamic religion and culture. It began with an 8 year campaign in which most of the Iberion Peninsula was brought under Muslim occupation. The conqured territory under the Arabic name al-Andalus, became part of the expanding Umayyad empire. In 718 Visigothic Christian leader, Pelayo, begins reconquest and established the kingdom of Asturias.
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The Abbasid Dynasty formed in 758 would flourish 2 centuries after succeding the Umayyads. Baghdad would be the cultural and political center of the Abassid empire as well as its capital. Sunni Islam would be declared the official interpretation of islam, leading to shi'a rejecting Abassid rule.Economically the era of the Abbasid caliphate would be described as the 'Golden Age of Islam". New crops such as sugar cane and rice were introduced and new books on astronomy, medicine, and mathematics.
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The Abbasids instead of focusing on north Africa, now forced eastword. The capital was then moved to the new city of baghdad for over 5 centuries, the city would be the world's center of education and culture under abbasid rule, Baghdad became a city of museum's,hospitals, libraries, and mosques. Most of the famous muslim scholors from the 9th to 13th centuries had educational roots here. The house of wisdom was home to among others, the most famous mathematician of the time Al-Khawolreihi.
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In the later part of the 11th century, the Turks shifted westward raveging all that lay in their path. Jerusalem would fall to them in 1076. In response to this the pope at the time called a conference gathering an army to wrest the holy land from the turks. The first crusade was the most successful, as it conquered jerusalem. After the victory, the crusaders forces began a widespread massacre at the city's muslim and jewish populations and it was labeled a "cleansing " of the holy land.
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Delhi sultonate is a name used to describe the 5 short lived medieval dynasties, which had succeeded in ruling over india whith a muslim base. Each dynasty was turkish in origin and had ruled over Delhi from 1206 to 1526 AD. These 5 dynasties, the mamluk, and the lodli were termed as the Delhi sultonate. Momluk was the first dynasty to establish rule and was known as the "slave dynasty". it was founded by Qutb-ud-din Albak in 1206 AD. The codi Dynasty was the last dynasty founded in 1451 by Bahl
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In 1238, the christian reconquest forced spanish muslims south and the Kingdom of Granda was the last refuge of the Moorish Civilization.
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The siege of Baghdad lasted from Janurary 29 to Feburary 10, 1258 by mongol forces and allied troops. They were under the command of Hulagu Khan. He wanted to extend his rule into mesopotamia, but not overthrow the caliphate. Mongke had instructed Hulagu to attack Baghdad if caliph Al-Musta'sim refused mongol demands. The mongols sacked Baghdad, destroying many things. They executed Al-musta'sim, and many residents of the city.
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Mansa Musa was a muslim and his pilgrimage made him wellknown across northern Africa and the middle east. HE made his pilgrimage in 1324. His procession included 60,000 men, 12,000 slaves that carried 4 poundsof gold bars, dressed in silks, that held gold staphs and horses. He gave gold to the poor he met along his route.
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The army of the ottoman empire had conquered constantinople on wednesday may 29, 1453. The army was commanded by ottoman sultan Mehmed II. The siege lasted 53 days.
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The Mughal Empire was ruled by a persianate Dynasty od Chagatai Tureo mongol origin that extended over India and Afghanistan
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Sufism was the path of spirituality that existed in islam. It stressed both love and harmony as well as the importance of peace. The term sufi first appeared in the 8th century most likely in connection with coorse wool that many ascetics wore. Sufism was a mystical movement in islam incorporating both sunni and shite sects. Sufism developed religious practices focusing on strict self control with the ultimate goal of a mystical union with god.
