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The most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy.
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In 1455, Gutenberg produced what is considered to be the first book ever printed: a Latin language Bible, printed in Mainz, Germany.
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David is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture created in marble between 1501 and 1504 by the Italian artist Michelangelo.
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Leonardo da Vinci is thought by some to have begun painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 or 1504 in Florence, Italy. Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506", the art historian Martin Kemp says there are some difficulties in confirming the actual dates with certainty.
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Utopia is a work of fiction and socio-political satire by Thomas More published in 1516 in Latin.
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In 1517, the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation.
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In 1534 King Henry VIII declared himself to be supreme head of the Church of England. This resulted in a schism with the Papacy. As a result of this schism, many non-Anglicans consider that the Church of England only existed from the 16th century Protestant Reformation.
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On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres was written by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and published just before his death, placed the sun at the center of the universe and argued that the Earth moved across the heavens as one of the planets.
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Galileo invented a thermometer, called Galileo's air thermometer (more accurately termed a thermoscope), in or before 1603.
