Middle ages

The High Middle Ages

By cynthia.torres
  • Period: 936 to 973

    Otto the Great

    Leadership (Germany): Linked control of German and northern Italy to title of Emperor of the Romans, which would become the Holy Roman Empire.
  • Period: 987 to 996

    Hugh Capet Reign

    Ruler (France): Established a hereditary monarchy instead of an elective. The French monarchs establish the law courts known as parlements.
  • 1059

    College of Cardinals

    College of Cardinals
    Religion: A church council announces that popes will be selected by College of Cardinals.
  • 1066

    Battle of Hastings

    Battle of Hastings
    War (England): Last successful Norman invasion. William I is victorious.
  • Period: 1073 to 1088

    Pope Gregory VII Reign

    Pope Gregory declared a lot of things, such as: papal primacy, that no noble or monarch had power over the Pope, and that no one who was not part of the clergy could participate in clerical powers or offices. He confronted many rulers such as Henry IV. He excommunicated Henry and Henry deposed Pope Gregory.
  • Period: 1084 to 1105

    Henry IV Reign

    Ruler (Holy Roman Empire):Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
  • Period: 1096 to 1204

    First Four Crusades

    Religion: Used to demonstrate the Pope's power. The crusades were called for the following reasons: to serve as a place where soldiers could vent their aggression towards heathens instead of toward each other, to reconquest Jerusalem, for possible restoration of Eastern Orthodox and Roman Church, served as an opportunity to gain land and wealth, and they gave an opportunity to gain penance, as well as other spiritual benefits.
  • Period: 1100 to 1135

    Henry I Reign

    Rulers (England): He and Henry II are very important to the development of English Common Law (Circuit Court System, Case Law, Trial by Jury, Indictment Jury, Grand Jury).
  • 1122

    Concordant of Worms

    Concordant of Worms
    Religion: Recognized that bishops are not only church leaders but temporal leaders as well.
  • 1123

    First Lateran Council

    First Lateran Council
    Religion: Re-established the celibacy of the clergy.
  • Period: 1152 to 1189

    Marriage Eleanor and King of England

    Their kids are Richard I and John, who would later be kings of England.
  • Period: 1154 to 1189

    Henry II Reign

    Ruler (England): Very important to the development of English Common Law.
  • 1162

    Archbishop of Canterbury

    Archbishop of Canterbury
    Religion: The church is the greatest opponent to Henry II's expansion of power. Henry makes his friend Thomas Becket the Archbishop of Canterbury, hoping he will have his support from the inside.
  • 1170

    Death of Archbishop of Canterbury

    Death of Archbishop of Canterbury
    Religion: Becket changes once he gets into the church and becomes Henry's enemy. One day Henry says something along the lines of, "Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?" and some soldiers take him seriously. Four soldiers go to the Canterbury Cathedral and kill the archbishop.
  • 1198

    Pope Innocent III

    Pope Innocent III
    Religion: His reign begins. Asserted papal primacy over all monarchs. (High point of pope power).
  • Period: 1199 to 1216

    King John Reign

    Rulers (England): Signs the Magna Carta and creates the two houses of Parliament
  • 1215

    Magna Carta

    Magna Carta
    England: Establishes trial by jury, prohibition against arbitrary arrests, and that the King cannot levy taxes without consent of the kingdom.
  • 1215

    Parliament

    Government (England): House of Lords and House of Commons
  • 1215

    Fourth Lateran Council

    Fourth Lateran Council
    Religion: Established that Christians must confess their sins at least once a year, pronouncement of Marriage Banns (public announcement of marriage which establishes permanent record), and Transubstantiation.
  • Period: 1226 to 1270

    Louis IX (St. Louis) Reign

    Ruler (France): He prohibited private warfare among nobles, established sound and reliable coinage, and was very beloved by his subjects.