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The Fall of Western Roman Empire happened because it was invaded by the barbarian tribes. The most straightforward theory for Western Rome's collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces.
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Charlemagne or Charles the great, was king of the Franks, one of his best achievements is that he stimulated European economic and political life, and fostered the cultural revival known as the Carolingian Renaissance.
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The First Crusade was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control.
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The Magna Carta “Great Charter” is a document guaranteeing English political liberties that was drafted at Runnymede, a meadow by the River Thames, and signed by King John, under pressure from his rebellious barons.
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The Great Famine was caused by a failure of the potato crop, which many people relied on for most of their nutrition. A disease called late blight destroyed the leaves and edible roots of the potato plants in successive years from 1845 to 1849.
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The Black Death began in the Himalayan Mountains of South Asia in the 1200s. Because living conditions were often cramped and dirty, humans lived in close contact with rats. Black rats were the most common at this time, and carried the bacteria called Yersinia pestis, which caused the plague.
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The Great Schism came about due to a complex mix of religious disagreements and political conflicts. One of the many religious disagreements between the western (Roman) and eastern (Byzantine) branches of the church had to do with whether or not it was acceptable to use unleavened bread for the sacrament of communion.