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A Persian doctor named Rhazes discovered the difference between smallpox and measles.
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In the Middle Ages barbers cut more than hair. Barber-surgeons performed surgery to treat cataracts and practiced phlebotomy bloodletting.
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"Religion continued to play a significant role in healthcare. Both Christian and Muslim teachings encourage the care of those in need."
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"Religious instruction based on the Qur'an (Koran) taught followers social responsibilities, such as the rich providing for the poor and the healthy caring for the sick."
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"Regulation of medical care began in the Middle Ages. Physicians were licensed after formal training with experienced doctors."
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"In the fifteenth century, the invention of the printing press made it possible to publish books faster. Information about new discoveries could be spread quickly."
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"During the sixteenth century, the scientific method came into use in Europe. This was a major change in the way people thought about medicine and research."
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"The scientific method was based on observation and taking careful notes. This method was not common practice during the Middle Ages."
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"The developments that took place during this time were made possible by inventions such as the microscope, which allowed much more accurate observation of patients and symptoms." "Robert Hooke (1635–1703) built one of the first reflecting microscopes."
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"During the Age of Enlightenment, a philosophical movement of the 1700s, studies of the human anatomy took place. These investigations, which had been forbidden by the church in the past, helped correct many beliefs."
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"A connection was made between health and the environment . Edward Jenner (1749–1823), an English doctor, discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox. Around 1796 he began inoculating people with the fluid from cowpox blisters, thus beginning the practice of vaccination."
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"New diagnostic tools such as the stethoscope were invented."
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"Blood cells, bacteria, and protozoa could now be seen with a microscope."
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"Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) carried out experiments that became the basis for modern microbiology."
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"Radium, used for cancer treatment, was discovered."
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"Antibiotics were invented."
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"The development of computed axial tomography (CT scan)."
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"Organ transplants are now common, and are safer and more successful than ever before."
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"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound or sonographic imaging has improved diagnosis and treatment for many diseases."
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"Electronic health records and electronic communication provide instant transmission of information."
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"The completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the use of stem cells has opened doors to new types of individualized drugs and treatments."
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"People in many areas of the world are living longer and healthier lives because of vaccines, clean water, and better nutrition."
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"Surgeries are performed with intricate computerized equipment."
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"Diagnostic screening and preventive care are improving wellness and increasing life expectancy."
