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1250
Venetians and Arabs monopolize European spice trade
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Period: 1300 to 1550
Renaissance in Italy
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1450
Development of moveable type and printing press
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1450
Prince Henry develops marine technologies and sends ships to explore the coast of Africa
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Period: 1450 to
Renaissance elsewhere in Europe
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1453
Fall of Constantinople-end of the Byzantine Empire
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1492
Discovery and exploration of New World begins (Columbus)
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1498
Da Gama reaches India
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Period: 1500 to
Search for a practical NW Passage
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1506
Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
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1517
Luther posts 95 theses
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Period: 1519 to 1522
Magellan expedition circumnavigates the globe
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1534
Henry VIII heads Church of England
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1543
Copernicus proposes sun-centered solar system
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England defeats the Armada
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Period: to
Thirty Years' War
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Glorious Revolution takes place in England
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Isaac Newton describes force and motion in mathematical terms
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John Kay invents the flying shuttle
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James Watt perfects the steam engine
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U.S. Declaration of Independence
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U.S. Constitution goes into effect