-
Period: 570 to 580
Mecca
Mecca
------Important trade city
------Diverse city -
Period: 570 to 580
Arabs
Arabs
------Beduoins were first in Arabia
------Arabs are Semites
------No central goverment
------polythestic -
Period: 570 to 580
Quraysh
Quraysh------Powerful tribe of Arabs------Protected Idols in Kaaba for money -
580
Early Life
Early Life
------Born into Hashim family
------Raised by uncle -
580
Family
Family
------Married Khadija
------Had seven children
------only one daughter survived -
595
Marriage
Muhammed married a wealthy widow named Khadījah bint al-Khuwaylid. -
610
Suspecting something is wrong
When he was 40, people in Mecca were growing wealthy, but not sharing their wealth. The tribes were also constantly at war. -
610
His Vision and Teachings
Gabriel tells Muhammed the sacred word of Allah and he spread it.
Muhammed began to preach what Gabriel told him. He told people their was only one god and they had to protect the weak. -
617
Facing discrimination
Muslims were boycotted. The Muslims staved. The boycot lasted for two years.. -
617
First Islamic Community
A group of tribes came to Mecca and converted to Islam. They promised to protect eachother. They were the first Islamic community. -
622
Leaving Mecca
The Muslim were in danger so they left Mecca. Never before had a tribe split of from another. Muhammed gathered all of his followers and flew. -
622
Medina
All of the Yathrib tribes gathered together and created the city of Medina. The first mosque was built and Muhamme took 11 lives. This was the first Muslim city. Anyone could worship freely and they worshipped towards Mecca. -
622
Constitution of Medina
Muhammed create this. Jews and Christians had rights in the empire as long as they payed a special tax. The Empire did not force that many people to convert because their buget relied on the tax. -
632
Muhammed's Death
He had united most of the region. After his death Islam spread to 1.5 billion people and greatly impacts the modern world. -
Period: 632 to 634
Abu Bakr
One of Muhammad’s original followers.Forced the tribes back to Islam. He was a pratical and religious man. -
633
Riddah Wars
He fought ex-Muslim. He also redirected the fighting against small arab tribes to larger empires. -
Period: 634 to 644
Umar
At first an enemy of Muhammad, Umar converted to Islam in about 615. Along with Abu Bakr, Umar became an adviser to Muhammad, who married one of Umar’s daughters. He established basic policies and institutions. Umar allowed conquered peoples to retain their lands and religions. However, they were required to pay a special tax. -
Period: 644 to 656
Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan was born into a noble family. An early convert to Islam, he was one of the first to memorize the entire Qur’an and married two of Muhammad’s daughters. Uthman expanded the Islamic empire to include Iran, North Africa, and the Caucuses. He placed family members in well-paid positions of authority throughout the empire. -
656
Uthman's expansion
-
Period: 661 to 750
Umayyad dynasty
Only about 10% of no-Muslims in the Empire converted to Islam. -
750
Umayyad expansion
-
Period: 750 to 1258
Abbasid dynasty
The Umayyads had centered their attention on building the empire out to the West, which included southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa. The Abbasids chose to look east, and they established their capital at the city of Baghdad. -
Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crussades
The Crusades have become known as a violent series of campaigns by Christian armies against the Muslim world. There were nine crusades made to modern-day Israel. Major fighting centered on Jerusalem, the holy city, but also took place in the regions of Palestine, Syria, Egypt, and Anatolia. Even more successful Crusades did little to expand Christian power in the Middle East because the Crusaders were isolated in a few walled cities. In 1291 the Crussader were defeated. Muslims regained control. -
1258
Abbasid expansion
