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Muhammad dies after an illness and Abu Bakr, Ali, Umar, and Uthman are elected as caliphs.
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Ali is killed, bringing an end to the "righteous caliphs." Umayyad begins to rule.
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Muslims invade Spain in the west and India in the east. Almost the entire Iberian peninsula is under Islamic command.
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Charles Martel defeats the Muslims at Potiers in France
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The Abbasids take the power from Umayyad, shifting the power to Baghdad.
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Perfectus, a christian priest in Cordova, is executed after he refuses to take back insults he made about Muhammad.
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The Fatimid's of Egypt conquer north Africa and include it as an extension of Egypt.
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The Turks take Baghdad and Abbasids becomes the only nominal ruler
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Pope Urban II opens the Council of Clermont where ambassadors from the Byzantine emperor, asking for help against the Muslims, were welcomed.
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European christian crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims. The Muslims eventually take the holy land back.
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Ê Saladin defeats the Crusaders armies at Hittin. He reconquers Jerusalem and the greater part of the Crusaders territories.
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Genghis leads the Mongols out of Central Asia across Persia and Mesopotamia. The Mongol army then returns.
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Mongols sack and capture Baghdad. Caliph is then killed.It is the end of Abbasid caliphate
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Ottomans capture Bursa and Iznik and move to Europe. The capital of the Ottoman empire moves from Bursa to Adrianople. Ottoman then takes controlof the Balkans.
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Castile and Aragon capture Granada. All Muslims and Jews become banned from Spain.
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The Christians forces had been fighting to take back Spain and they seized the final Muslim stronghold.
