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441
Greece
Sophocles writes Antigone -
442
Greece
As a result of his failure to effectively challenge Pericles, the Athenian citizens ostracise Thucydides for 10 years and Pericles is once again unchallenged in Athenian politics -
443
Roman
Consuls are not elected in Rome, but rather military tribunes with the consular power are appointed in their place . Being only patricians could be consuls, many military tribunes were plebeians. These positions had lots of responsibility for the census, a dynamic function in the financial administration of Rome. So to put an end to the plebeians from possibly gaining control of the census, the patricians remove from the consuls and tribunes the right to take the census, rather entrust it to t -
444
Greece
The conservative and democratic factions in Athens had a confrontation each other. The determined new leader of the conservatives, Thucydides, blames the leader of the democratic faction, Pericles, of profligacy and condemns the way Pericles is spending money on his ambitious building plans for the city. Thucydides manages to gain the support of the ecclesia. Pericles retaliates by proposing to reimburse the city for all the expenses from his private property, on the condition that he would make -
445
Greece
Pericles, worried by the draining effect of years of war on Athenian manpower, searches for peace with the help of the Assembly. Athenian diplomat, Callias, travels to Sparta and after much trials and tribulations works to arrange a peace treaty with Sparta and her Peloponnesian allies, this adding on to the 5 years truce of 451 BC for 30 years more . According to this treaty, Megara is to be brought to Peloponnesian League, Troezen and Achaea become independent, Aegina is to become a tribut -
446
Greece
Megara joins in the revolt going against Athens. The strategic importance of Megara is instantaneously established by the appearance, for the first time in 12 years, of a Spartan army under King Pleistoanax in Attica. The threat from the Spartan army leads Pericles to use bribery and negotiation tactics to make an agreement that Athens will give up its mainland possessions and confine itself to a largely maritime empire. -
446
Greece
After hearing that the Spartan army had accepted bribes from Pericles, Pleistoanax, the King of Sparta, is immediately impeached by the great citizens of Sparta, but Pleistoanax runs off to exile in Arcadia. His military adviser, Cleandridas also runs off and he is condemned to death in his absence -
446
Greece
The Spartan army retires, so Pericles crosses back to Euboea with 50 ships and 5,000 soldiers, cracking down any opposition. He punishes the landowners of Chalcis, who lose their properties, while the residents of Histiaea are uprooted and replaced by 2,000 Athenian settlers. -
447
Greece
A revolt burst in Boeotia while oligarchs of Thebes work together against the democratic faction in the city. The Athenians, under general Tolmides rule , with 1000 hoplites and other troops from their allies, march forth to Boeotia to take back the towns revolting against Athenian control. They capture Chaeronea, but are attacked and beaten by the Boeotians at Coronea. As a result, the Athenians are obligated to give up control of Boeotia along with Phocis and Locris, which all fall in the c -
Greece
Pericles leading the Athenian army against Delphi to restore the sanctuary of the oracle of Delphi to Phocis.
The Athenians start constructing the middle component of the Long Walls from their city to the port city of Piraeus.