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It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
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The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Many historians believe that it started earlier or ended later, depending on the country. It bridged the periods of the Middle Ages and modern history. Depending on the country, overlaps with the Early Modern, Elizabethan / Restoration periods. The Renaissance is most closely associated with Italy, where it began in the 14th century, though countries such as Germany, England and France went through many of the same cultural changes and phenomena
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The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s that took about an estimated number of 75 million lives.
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The Western Schism, also called Papal Schism, Great Occidential Schism and Schism of 1378 was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which two, since 1410 even three, men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope.
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The Reformation, or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation, was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe.
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The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
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The Enlightenment, or The Age of Enlightenment, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy"