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England Makes Peace with Spain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1625%E2%80%931630)
Due to the expensiveness of war and Parliament's lack of funding towards the king, Charles I settled on terms of peace with Spain. However, this act was seen as a deed of pro-Catholicism, for Spain was a Catholic nation, and England was extremely anti-Catholic at the time. This move increased Parliament and the king, for the former already distrusted monarchy. -
English Civil War
https://www.thoughtco.com/english-civil-war-an-overview-2360806
As Parliament rose in power, Charles I left London and recruited an army. As a countermeasure, the House of Commons passed the Militia Ordinance, thus allowing Parliament to recruit its own army and wage a civil war against Charles I. The war was a result of built up animosity between Parliament and the king, thus decreasing the popularity of the latter (leading to the limitation of monarchy.) -
Parliament's Victory
http://www.britain-magazine.com/features/history/historic-battles/oliver-cromwell-role-english-civil-war/
After Parliament won the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell (the leader of the Roundheads) assumed military dictatorship. England became a Puritan republic, and Scotland and Ireland (allies of the Roundheads during the war) were forcefully conquered. This victory amplified the power of Parliament, and therefore decreased the influence of the king. -
The Return of Monarchy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England
The people of England grew to dislike Oliver Cromwell and his Puritan republic. After Cromwell died, Charles II was happily accepted as the new monarch of England. Albeit Charles was favored by the people, he was disliked by Parliament for his religious tolerance and intentions to convert to Catholicism. However, the monarchy had been restored for good. -
Popish Plot
https://www.britannica.com/event/Popish-Plot
A rumor had emerged from Titus Oates that James II was planning to overthrow the king and claim the throne. This caused panic to erupt among Parliament, and many innocent people were executed in an act of anti-Catholicism. As a result, the religious tensions between Charles II and Parliament increased and the support of the king once more became strained. -
Repeal of the Test Act
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/738585
The Test Act (established during Charles II's reign) was a set of laws that prohibited the switching of religion among higher powers and limited the influence of Catholicism. As soon as James II was inaugurated, he repealed the Test Act, then dismissed Parliament and appointed Catholics for high positions in government. This fortified wariness of the king's power and decisions. -
The Glorious Revolution
https://www.landofthebrave.info/glorious-revolution.htm
William III of Orange drove James II to France with the support of the English. Parliament declared William and his wife Mary II (daughter of James) the new king and queen. Mary was a Protestant, and as a result of her installment as a queen, she and William signed the Bill of Rights, which limited the power of monarchy.
