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Period: 570 to Nov 10, 633
Life of Muhammad
Muhammad was born 570 in Mecca.Got 1st revelation while at a mountain cave outside of the town. While at the cave, Muhammad was visited by a strong presence and was told to recite words and attributed them to God. Left for Medina in 622 with a couple 100 followers and was invited there to be their mediator. Muhammad stayed for about 6 years gathering more people to his side.In 628, a treaty was signed by both groups. In 630 Muhammad and his followers marched -
Period: Nov 11, 632 to Nov 11, 661
Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs
The word "Caliph" comes from the Arabic word "Khalifa" which is short for "Kalifatu Rasulil-lah" which means "Successor to the Messenger of God". This era was the time of the 1st four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Utah man in Affan, and Ali. This era is also known as the Rashidun. Later the Abbas I'd caliphate coined the term "Rightly Guided" -
Period: Nov 11, 633 to Nov 11, 644
Muslim conquest of Persia
Muslims invaded Iran and after several times trying they finally conquered Iran. This ended the Sassanid Empire and led to the decline of the Zoroastrian religion within Persia. After some time the majority of the people in Iran converted to Islam. The previous civilization culture was not dead yet, but became a part of their Islamic ways. -
Nov 10, 650
Quran Complied
- The words of the Quran were collected as they were revealed to Muhammad and written down by scribes. Muhammad made arrangements to make sure that it was written down
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Period: Nov 11, 657 to Nov 11, 750
Umayyad caliphate (years of rule)
The Umayyad were the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of Caliphate. Umayyad rule was split between the Sufyani and the Marwanids. The concrete basis of the umayyad became the Syrian army. To which they were able to take control over other empires. The muslim rule expanded to other cities and set of to expeditions into central asia and northwestern India. -
Nov 11, 711
Conquest of Spain
The Umayyad conquest of-what was then known as- Hispania was the cause of the downfall of the Visigoth Kingdom. It also resulted in the establishment of the Emirate of Cordova under the rule of Abd ar-Rahman I. Ar-Rahman was later responsible for the unification of al-Andalus (756- 788) -
Period: Nov 10, 750 to Nov 10, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate (years of rule)
The Abbasid caliphate ruled the Islamic world from 750-1258 and was one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties. The Islamic dynasty adopted and synthesized ideas from the Chinese, Indians, and Byzantines. -
Nov 11, 756
Baghdad established as the capital of Abbasid of Caliphate
There were two main groups who founded the Abbasid Caliphate, non arabic muslims and shi’ites. The umayyad had always been outsiders, but in 756 the umayyads established a rival empire in Spain, they flourished for the next 3 centuries. -
Jun 7, 1099
Crusaders seize Jerusalem
The Seige of Jerusalem happened from June 7, 1099- July 15, 1099. This was during the first crusade and it ended with a crusader victory. -
Nov 11, 1206
Delhi Sultanate established in India
The establishment of the delhi sultanate begun in 1206, caused by the invasions of the muslims into India. There were 5 different dynasties, they extended the rule over North India. Because of this new rule there was a change in society and cultural life. The time span of India under the Delhi Sultanate was from 1206 to 1526 AD. -
Jan 18, 1258
Mongols sack Baghdad
Gulags Khan was put in charge of the army that was to conquer Persia, Syria and Egypt and destroy the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongols arrived in 1258 with about 150,000 soldiers and the siege lasted only 2 weeks. -
Nov 11, 1324
Mansa Musa pilgrimage to Mecca
Musa was a devout follower of Islam and he wanted to embark on the hajj (holy pilgrimage to the city of Mecca). He traveled with 60,000 bearers to carry supplies and around 100 camels each carrying up to 300 pounds of gold each. -
May 29, 1453
Ottoman Empire conquers Constantinople, end of Byzantine Empire
Constantinople was attacked before but others weren’t able to bring their walls down. Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II changed that. There were many times where others tried to attack and take control, but to no prevail. That is until Sultan Mehmed improved the cannon they used and named it “ humbara”. On the 22nd of April, Eastern Roman Empire was surprised by the Ottoman army/navy. The final attack was on the 6th of April and lasted until the 29th of May 1453. This was the beginning of a new era. -
Nov 11, 1492
Christian reconquest of Spain completed
In 1238, the Christian reconquest pushed the Spanish Muslims south and then the kingdom of Granada was established as refuge. -
Nov 12, 1526
Mughal Empire established in India
The Mughal Empire's capital was originally Agra in 1526. In tilly their official language was Chagatai Turkic. The first emperor of the Mughal Empire was Babur. -
Period: to Nov 11, 1000
Emergence of Sufism
- Sufism was formed in 675 and had about 9,000,000 followers. Sufism is a Muslim movement where followers look to find the divine truth through encounters with God
