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On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed a list of 95 Theses, a list of abuses of the Church, to the door of his Church to protest church actions.
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In 1527, Spain sacks Rome and leaves Spain as the dominate force in Italy.
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Ulrich Zwingli was a protestant priest in Zurich, Switzerland who started the Reformation. He got rid of relics and images and replaced mass with readings, prayer, and sermons. Then a war broke out in Switzerland between the Protestants and Catholics in October 1531 and Zwingli loses and dies.
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Charles V signed the Peace of Augsburg treaty when he was unable to win a battle. The treaty accepted the division of Christianity in Germany and allowed for the choice between Catholic and Lutheran but only princes could choose.