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Change from Catholicism to Protestantism/Church of England.
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Driving force behind Protestant Reformation. Luther disliked many teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church so he started the reform to change the flaws of catholicism
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Was official church of England and was a break from Catholicism. Many thought that didn't incorporate enough of other religions to be religiously different.
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a missionary group created due to the Counter reformation in the Catholic church, who saw themselves as soldiers of God.
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a sort of theocracy where only church members could participate in government.
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As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.
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The Separatists were English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. One Separatist group, the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to found other settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England. Other notable separatist groups included the Quakers and Baptists.
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also known as society of friends. rejected predestination and orginal sin, believed that all could achieve salvation, women alos held positions in the church
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Nonseparatist Puritans agreed with Separatists on the necessity of restricting church membership to proven saints. However, they did not condemn the Church of England
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Founded Rhode Island. Complete Separatist, wanted a colony free from all and any persecution
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believed the Anglican Church retained too many Catholic ideas and sought to purify the Church of England. The Puritans were strong in New England and very intolerant of other religious groups
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Created by Puritans that wanted to make a model society focused on their religion teachings and no one else's.
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Leader who challenged traditional role of women and clergy. Thought clergy had to have a converting experience.
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Quaker who created Pennsylvania, founded on Quaker beliefs
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series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. showed the strict puritan ways
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Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New
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old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary
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new lights were the more modern-thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening
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The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth
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Jonathan Edwards talked in this piece about "sins and the torments of hell" during the great awakening
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The name was based on their ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship. they believed that God had a male and female component. they believed that their founder Ann Lee was the female component. Although The Shakers maintained a strong division between sexes, they also maintained equality between men and women.
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The First Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, ensuring that there is no prohibition on the free exercise of religion
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The belief held by some Christians that there will be a Golden Age for 1000 years prior to the final judgement
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led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society
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an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement.
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believed that slavery was a sin and tried to abolish slavery in the united states, and free blacks back to Africa.
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religious revivals that stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery.
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A philosophy preached by Ralph Waldo Emerson, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.
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Church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT
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Found by Joseph Smith around 1820,Translated into English, links the native Indians to the lost tribes of Israel and predicts the Second Coming of Christ.
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used Christianity to justify and defend slavery during the civil war period
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hopes for social perfection - utopia - were widespread among evangelical Christians as well as secular humanists. These hopes found expression in various utopian communities and spiritual movements.
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The successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith. He was responsible for the survival of the sect and its establishment in Utah
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a period of religious activism in American history from the late 1850s to the 1900s. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong sense of social activism. Many people wanted to reform society during the gilden age
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Andrew Carnegie's belief that the wealthy must serve as trustees for their wealth and the public good
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ideals to promote white civilization and Christianity around the world through imperialism
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offered materials and spiritual services to the urban poor.
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The KKK has a record of terrorism,violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions.
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Worked for legislation to moderate the use of intoxicating drink despite their inability to vote. Linked drinking to poverty, adultery, social crime and domestic violence.
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dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American
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the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century.
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a Protestant movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war
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literal interpretation of the Bible
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belief in Christianity and acceptance of science
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prohibition on alcohol, enforced in rural areas, ignored in urban areas, led to rise of organized crime
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emerged as an organization that specifically defended state prohibition in Georgia, anti-black, anti-catholic, anti-adultery, anti-birth control, etc.
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a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school. Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later. Displayed the fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at the time
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Many people started to go to church more because it wasn't just a sermon, now it was social interaction
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use of churches to spread the word of the Civil Rights Movement as a righteous cause
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This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.