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Saint Francis of Assisi was born in 1182. He shared many of the same concerns of the later Protestant Reformers, although his efforts and approach differed, as we shall see.Francis of Assisi changed the Catholic Church in a number of ways. St. Francis organized the first live nativity, created numerous new religious orders, was the first to preach about animals, and, in his honor, people bless animals on his Feast Day. -
Johannes Gutenberg was born between 1393-1406. Before print press was invented Priest had copy the Bible manually, which took aproximatelly a year. But with this new invention more than 500 Bibles could be copied in the same amount of time. This also meant that the Bible could be translated more easily. The invention of the prin press marks the start of the protestantism. -
Pope Leo X was born in 1475. He excommunicated Luther in 1520. He also issued letters of undulgences. These pardons reduced the time a soul's time in purgatory. -
Pope Paul IV was born in 1476. Pope Paul IV drew up the index of forbidden (Protestant) books. He also reorganized the Inquisition (Holy Office). -
Martin Luther was born in 1483. Martin Luther was an Augustine order monk. He also was pa rofessor of theology. He was a openly against selling letters of indulgences. He taught that faith in God is the only way to salvation and is not buyable. He also said that that the Bible is the ultimate authority for a true Christian life. He preached that people have adirect relationship with God and they don't need a priest to mediate. -
Thomas Münzer was born in 1489. Thomas Münzer was a member of Anabaptism. Anabaptists rejected infant baptism. Anabaptism became popular amongst lower classes. Even Luther comdemned them, this resulted in the German Peasant's War (1524-1525). -
Ignatius of Loyola was born in 1491. He founded the Jesuit order in 1540, which was the society of Jesus. Jesuite missionaries were sent to the colonies. They were diplomatic representatives of the Catholic Church. They wanted to prevent Protestantism from further spreading. -
John Calvin was born in 1509. John Calvin established a new church called Calvinism. Clavin was a French reforming theologian, who settled in Geneva. Calvin believed in predestination, which ment that everyone is already destined to go to heaven or hell before they are born. He also belived in revolt and work as virtue. Calvinist Churches were much simpler than the Catholic churches. He also believed in Theocracy which is a kind of state form where the Church leaders controll the state. -
Michael Servetus was born in 1511. Michael was a Antitrinitarian. Servetus He was a burnt at stake in Geneva. He denied the existence of the Holy Trinity. Transilyvania becam the refuge of the Unitarians. -
Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent together. The council agreed on several things. Firstly Selling indulgences was prohibited. They also verified the most important Catholic dogmas and supported the Pope. They stopped simony and nepotism. They also agreed that seminaries must be set up to teach priests properly.