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She restored Protestantism and lead protestant reforms. She set up the Church of England called the Anglican Church. -
The Italian Wars were a series of wars for the control of Italy. -
Luther writes his 95 thesis disagreeing with the Pope about his authority and power, selling of indulgences, and the teachings of the church. -
Peasants inspired by the Reformation seeked change and freedom for their lives. -
Calvin wrote a collection of book called the Institutes of the Christian Religion about ideas about God, salvation, and human nature. -
The parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which made the right of Henry VIII to be the supreme head on Earth of the Church of England
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The purpose of this inquisition was to get rid of heresy throughout Europe and in America. They tortuerd and persecuted Muslims and Jews. -
Achievements:
1) heliocentric theory- sun centered universe
2) formulated the quantity theory of money -
The Council of Trent was the Catholics reply to the Protestant reformation. It reaffirmed the authority of the Catholic Church, reformed the abuses of the Church, and established a better education clergy. -
German princes and protestants met up and each ruler declared the religion of their own state. -
John Knox spread and put Calvinist ideas to work. He made Scotland's official religion Calvinism. Each community church was governed by a group of laymen or presbyters. -
It was a turning point in the French Wars of Religion. It was a massacre of targeted assigns to the Huguenots. -
It ended the French Wars of Religion by granting tolerance to Protestantism. Henry IV of France signed it and gave huge measure of religious liberty to his subjects. -
Achievments:
1) developed Scientific Method with Descartes
2) Theory that scientific knowledge must come from the observation of nature through inductive reasoning -
Achievements:
1) observation of telescope of the solar system
2) confirmed the idea that the sun is the center of the planets -
Acheievements:
1) developed analytical geometry
2) encouraged scientists to use math and logic instead of experimenting to make new observations -
Achievments:
1) developed the social contract
2) believed that a ruler was always needed to keep the citizens in control. Government was an absolute monarchy. -
Achievments:
1) people can learn from experience and improve themsleves
2) criticized absolute monarchy and favored the idea of self-governemnt -
Achievments:
1) Division of government and separation of powers
2) Checks and balances -
Achievments:
1) fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech
2) his writings gave the Founding Fathers critical concepts to create a new form of government -
Achievments:
1) he won recognition of writer of essays
2) guaranteed in the U.S. Billof Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen