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This Ice Bridge theory dates back in 30 000BC. There are two types of Ice Bridge theory's that could have happened. One of which follows the outside of Asia and another one which crosses the Atlantic Ocean. This is how the first inhabitants of North America got here.
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The oldest traces of human precense in Quebec date from around 10000BC. They began to settle, occupy the space and adapt it to organization. The waves of immigration have shaped the demographic landscape of Quebec and the settlement of its territory.
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This territory belonged to the Indians. The two principal Indian nations were Algonquins and Iroquois. They occupied different territories and lived in different lifestyles. For example, the Iroquois lived in the St-Lawrence Lowlands and the Algonquins lived in the Canadian Shield. Also, the Iroquois lived a more sedentary lifestyle and the Algonquins lived a nomade lifestyle.
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Jacques Cartier was an explorer who was obliged from the king to do some tasks. So the reasons why he came to America was to find a route to Asia, bring back gold and other riches and claim land for the king of France. In 1534, he explored and mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence. In 1535, he reached Stadacona, and learn't from the natives how to suirvive winter and scurvy. Finally, in 1541, he attempted to setup a colony which was unsuccessful.
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The sent a voyage in 1605 to establish a settlement located in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. Samuel de Champlain was involved in the failed settlement in Port Royal. The reason it failed was because of its position. Note: This settlement was only interested by the king 60 years after Jacques Cartier was there.
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Samuel de Champlain returned to Quebec 3 years later to establish a trading post near Stadacona, Quebec. The reason of choosing this specific location was because it was where the rivers narrowed. This colony would be called New France.
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When the French took over the colony.
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The seigniorial sysetem was a method of land division that helped cultivate the colony. The king would grant pieces of land to Seigneurs which they would have to develop and receive rent from the peasants who lived on it.
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In 1642, a settlement was founded named Ville-Marie. The purpose of this settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians but it still became a major trading post because it was located in the heart of the Amerindian territory. In the 18th century, it was renamed Montreal.
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Once the king took power he wanted to encourage settlement. So he put Intendant Jean Talon in charge. Talon wanted anyone to come to New France except for French Protestants. He made deals with soldiers so after there services they would agree to stay in New France. They also made deals with the Orphan Girls to get married quickly and make babies. Payments were given given to couples who married young and the amount of babies. Finally, they also had minor criminals come to New France.
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The French and Indian population formed alliances over trade. The Europeans learned how to suirvive winter (clothing and travel), how to eat (corn, pumpkins, maple syrup). The natives were shown weapons and iron tools. Aswell as foods like salt and bread. Unfortunately, the indians suffered because of alcohol and disease. The aboriginal population decimated due to war and smallpox. The indians became too dependant on the europeans.
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When Great Brittain took over from the French.
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The territorial concessions were finally given to the British and the French had lost the territory. All the people on the territory became British subjects.
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The British come to New France. First, the wealthy business men and merchents come looking to take over making the population 99% french and 1% English.
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36000 loyalists came to Canada and 6000 loyalists came to Quebec. They tend to settle in the Maritimes and West of Montreal. The english population of Quebec had a sudden increase from 1-10%.
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The Irish immigration started due to the Irish Potatoe Famine. The conditions during the passage were difficult and disease spread. The chlorea epidemic sationned at Grosse-Ile.
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There were 2 conferences; first one in Charlottetown and the second one in Quebec. This became the Dominion of Canada which consited of Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.Canada became a federation with a strong central government and a provincial government.
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There was an overpopulation of the seigneuries which lead to the immigration of different parts of Quebec.Afterwards, the cities became too populated so they expanded to other regions such as Western Canada and the U.S.A. Note: This was all due to the Industrial revolution.
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This law was made so that it provides ways of undestanding the Native identity. There have been over 20 amendments to this law.
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It was the creation of the first trans-Canada railroad. It was the start of when factories produced and made finished products.
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Instead of using industrial ressources to create the products, they use natural ressources.The Brain drain (when the most educated and skilled workers leave to seek better opportunities/ starts in 1990s)
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A golf course wanted to expand which meant it went on to native land. The Mohawk warriors therefore had to establish road blocks on the border of their reserves. The native military and the Canadian forces organized themselves and resolved the problem. This crisis lasted about 78 days.
